A multiplex view of leadership structure in management teams

In the hope of complementing the structural perspective in upper echelon research and advancing a fine-grained understanding of dyadic leadership influence in management teams, the current study combines two types of intrateam structures—leadership network and friendship network—to create a multidimensional conceptualization of leadership structure in management teams. Specifically, we propose that management teams with a denser singular leadership network (i.e., a network consisting of many leadership ties that are not coupled with friendship ties) should have lower management team cohesion, which subsequently renders worse business unit performance. To contrast, management teams with a denser multiplex network (i.e., a network consisting of many leadership ties that are coupled with friendship ties) should have higher management team cohesion, which subsequently renders better business unit performance. Guided by structural contingency perspective, we further propose that management team task interdependence will strengthen team cohesion's positive impact on business unit performance. To test the hypothesized model, we collected team-level social network data and multiple-wave survey data from 697 managers nested in 148 hotels (i.e., 148 management teams) owned by a large hospitality company. We also obtained objective performance data for each hotel (i.e., occupancy percentage rate and revenue per available room per day) as the criterion measure. The data supported our hypotheses. The theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.     

The stability and reliability of attentional bias measures in the dot-probe task: Evidence from both traditional mean bias scores and trial-level bias scores

Motivation and Emotion - A new method of calculating attentional bias from the dot-probe task measures fluctuations in bias towards and away from emotional stimuli over time using trial level bias...     

从"声音"到"supplément"

“supplemént”(“充替”)是解构理论的重要支柱。本文试图从时间性和符号学理路出发完整地重构德里达从对“声音”的解构向“supplément”原理的过渡。同时本文也力求证明,德里达的这种过渡与对胡塞尔符号理论的挪用、引申和误读是密不可分的。     

一种新的智力观--塞西的智力生物生态学模型述评

美国心理学教授塞西在对传统智力心理测量学理论批评的基础上于1990年提出了信息加工取向的智力的生物生态学模型。这一模型主要有四个基本假设,即智力是一个多种资源系统;生物潜能与环境力量的相互作用;适宜的“最近过程”是智力发展的“引擎”;把“动机”整合到智力发展中。塞西智力的生物生态学模型为我们揭示人的智力的本质提供了一个新的视角。     

概化理论中的模型选择、数据解释和指标比较——评刘远我等的两篇论文

对刘远我等在1998年《心理学报》和1999年《心理科学》上发表的两篇慨化理论(GT)的应用研究论文．提出了对GT的一些主要问题的不同理解。这些问题包括模型选择、方差分量解释、一致性指标比较等。     

保险推销员(职业)自我效能感量表的建构

在对保险推销员自我效能感进行理论分析、现场访谈和问卷调查之基础上,采用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析技术,对保险推销员自我效能感的内在结构进行了探讨。结果表明,保险推销员自我效能感由八个因素构成,即：晤谈技能、仪态、毅力、情绪调节、知识掌握、计划总结、直觉判断和前期准备。在此基础上,依据心理测量学原理和方法研制了保险推销员自我效能感量表。由此,保险推销员应从这八个方面来判断自己保险推销的总体素质。     

Differential Effect of TEA on Long-Term Synaptic Modification in Hippocampal CA1 and Dentate Gyrus in vitro

The effectiveness of tetraethylammonium (TEA) and high-frequency stimulation (HFS) in inducing long-term synaptic modification is compared in CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) in vitro. High-frequency stimulation induces long-term potentiation (LTP) at synapses of both perforant path-DG granule cell and Schaffer collateral-CA1 pyramidal cell pathways. By contrast, TEA (25 mM) induces long-term depression in DG while inducing LTP in CA1. The mechanisms underlying the differential effect of TEA in CA1 and DG were investigated. It was observed that T-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) blocker, Ni²⁺ (50 μM), partially blocked TEA-induced LTP in CA1. A complete blockade of the TEA-induced LTP occurred when Ni²⁺ was applied together with the NMDA receptor antagonist, D-APV. The L-type VDCC blocker, nifidipine (20 μM), had no effect on CA1 TEA-induced LTP. In DG of the same slice, TEA actually induced long-term depression (LTD) instead of LTP, an effect that was blocked by D-APV. Neither T-type nor L-type VDCC blockade could prevent this LTD. When the calcium concentration in the perfusion medium was increased, TEA induced a weak LTP in DG that was blocked by Ni²⁺. During exposure to TEA, the magnitude of field EPSPs was increased in both CA1 and DG, but the increase was substantially greater in CA1. Tetraethylammonium application also was associated with a large, late EPSP component in CA1 that persisted even after severing the connections between CA3 and CA1. All of the TEA effects in CA1, however, were dramatically reduced by Ni²⁺. The results of this study indicate that TEA indirectly acts via both T-type VDCCs and NMDA receptors in CA1 and, as a consequence, induces LTP. By contrast, TEA indirectly acts via only NMDA receptors in DG and results in LTD. The results raise the possibility of a major synaptic difference in the density and/or distribution of T-type VDCCs and NMDA receptors in CA1 and DG of the rat hippocampus.     

大学生自尊发展的特点

采用自编《大学生自尊评定问卷》,探讨1104名大学生自尊发展的特点。结果表明：（1）随着年级的增长大学生自尊呈稳定发展趋势,重要感、胜任感、归属感三个维度上表现出显著的年级差异。（2）大学生自尊发展存在着显著的性别差异,男生发展水平显著高于女生,性别差异主要体现在归属感维度。（3）文科生外表感维度得分显著高于理科生,独生子女、城市学生以及学生干部在自尊总分及其三个维度得分显著高于非独生子女、农村学生以及非学生干部。     

整形外科的临床治疗决策分析

在生物心理社会医学模式下,以循证医学为基础的共享型临床决策成为主导.整形外科疾病有着诊断容易、治疗方法多样、效果不一、患者年龄小、心理脆弱、大众认知有一定误区等特点,更需要在情感和实践上体现对患者的理解和尊重,真正实现医生患者共同参与的共事型临床决策.     

钟面画测试及其在ADHD儿童中的研究

钟面画测试被广泛用于研究和测试老年人群中的各种认知缺陷和认知老化,是一种有用的筛选老年痴呆症病人的工具。近年来它也被用于研究正常儿童和ADHD儿童。该文回顾了钟面画测试所涉及的内部认知过程以及影响钟面画测试的各种因素、钟面画测试与执行功能测试之间的相关,并且重点回顾了钟面画测试在正常儿童和ADHD儿童中的研究。由于钟面画测试本身简便、快捷,可以迅速地大规模筛选障碍儿童,在这方面的研究具有重大的实践意义。