表象加工水平对错误记忆的影响

从表象加工水平角度考察引发错误记忆的因素。结果发现,深的表象加工水平能够抑制诱饵词产生较大的激活,减少错误记忆的发生。随着表象加工水平的加深,有意表象的错误记忆效应显著低于无意表象,而正确记忆效应则显著高于无意表象,表明表象加工水平对错误记忆具有重要影响。根据研究结果提出表象激活混淆假设,认为人们虽然可以用表象作为信息表征的方式,却无法直接获取与之联系的激活路径。当人们推测表象激活的来源时,容易混淆表象激活的来源,产生错误记忆。     

Testing an integrated model of the work–family interface in Chinese employees: A longitudinal study

The purpose of this study was to examine an integrated model of the work–family interface (WFI) linking work–family demands (workload and family conflict), resources (supervisory support and family support) and role satisfaction in a Chinese context. The four‐factor structure of WFI comprises direction of influence (work to family vs family to work) and types of effect (work–family conflict vs work–family enrichment). A longitudinal design was used to collect data from 409 Chinese employees at three time points, separating measures of antecedents (T1), WFI (T2) and outcomes (T3) in time. The results based on structural equation modelling (SEM) reveal that: (1) the direction and types of effect were two underlying dimensions of the WFI, supporting the four‐factor structure; (2) demands were more strongly related to conflict, while resources were more strongly related to enrichment; (3) work–family conflict and enrichment were related to role satisfaction, regardless of the direction of influence.     

Neural bases of binocular rivalry

During binocular rivalry, conflicting monocular images compete for access to consciousness in a stochastic, dynamical fashion. Recent human neuroimaging and psychophysical studies suggest that rivalry entails competitive interactions at multiple neural sites, including sites that retain eye-selective information. Rivalry greatly suppresses activity in the ventral pathway and attenuates visual adaptation to form and motion; nonetheless, some information about the suppressed stimulus reaches higher brain areas. Although rivalry depends on low-level inhibitory interactions, high-level excitatory influences promoting perceptual grouping and selective attention can extend the local dominance of a stimulus over space and time. Inhibitory and excitatory circuits considered within a hybrid model might account for the paradoxical properties of binocular rivalry and provide insights into the neural bases of visual awareness itself.     

传统医药文化的附魅、祛魅与返魅

传统医药文化在很长的历史时期内是以"附魅"的形式存在和发展的。巫术和"拜祖师"是其神秘化的主要手段。"附魅"缔造了权威,维护了受业者的既得利益,并为执业人员带来便利。近代科学以其精确性和实证性为传统医药文化的"祛魅"提供了契机。然而,随着科学技术的进一步发展,传统医药文化领域出现了一种"返魅"现象。