前瞻记忆的情绪一致性反转效应

采用经典双任务实验范式,探讨前瞻记忆的情绪一致性效应及其理论模型。情绪电影片段诱发被试高兴或悲伤情绪后,观察被试在高兴、悲伤和自然情绪状态下的前瞻记忆任务和当前任务的成绩。结果发现,情绪一致性前瞻记忆出现反转效应,即在高兴背景下前瞻记忆负性词比正性词成绩好,在悲伤背景下前瞻记忆正性词比负性词成绩好。实验结果支持前瞻记忆的注意—搜索模型,不支持自动激活模型。     

外部攻击型和关系攻击型初中生执行功能的研究

本研究采用数字STROOP、局部-整体图形转换和色点位置刷新三种研究范式检测了40名攻击性初中生的抑制控制、任务转换和信息刷新三种执行功能的特点。研究结果表明,攻击性初中生的抑制控制能力、任务转换能力和信息刷新能力均差于非攻击性初中生。外部攻击型初中生的抑制控制能力、任务转换能力和信息刷新能力均差于非攻击性初中生。而关系攻击型初中生与非攻击性初中生和外部攻击型初中生在执行功能的三种成分上均不存在显著差异,其执行功能水平可能介于非攻击性初中生和外部攻击初中生之间。     

上海市健将级运动员的智力状况分析

本课题研究的对象是上海市31名(其中男17名,女14名)年龄在19—29岁的健将级运动员,他们所从事的运动项目有:篮球、手球、棒球、技巧、射箭、跳高、撑杆跳高、跳远、标枪、中长跑、短跑和十项全能等。为了揭示他们的智商(IQ)和智力结构,我们运用了我国修订的韦克斯勒成人量表对他们逐个进行智力测验。结果表明:(1)所测健将级运动页的言语智商(VIQ)、操作智商(PIQ)和总智商(FIQ)的平均值都在105—110之间,男女性别无明显差异;(2)智商值达到120以上的运动员,他们的技能水平也相应地较高,特别是十项全能、技巧和篮球运动员;(3)健将级运动员的智力结构是全面和完好的。     

The Balanced Pseudocomplemented Ockham Algebras with the Strong Endomorphism Kernel Property

Studia Logica - An endomorphism on an algebra $${\mathcal {A}}$$ is said to be strong if it is compatible with every congruence on $${\mathcal {A}}$$ ; and $${\mathcal {A}}$$ is said to have the...     

Violence Exposure and Sexual Risk Behaviors for African American Adolescent Girls: The Protective Role of Natural Mentorship and Organizational Religious Involvement

African American adolescent girls are at increased risk of being exposed to community violence and being diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection. Fewer studies, however, have examined the protective roles of natural mentorship and organizational religious involvement as potential moderators that could lessen the effects of violence exposure on health risk behavior. Data from 273 African American ninth grade girls were used to test hypothesized independent and moderated‐moderation models. Results suggest that natural mentorship and religious involvement were protective for girls who reported at least one mentor and moderate to high levels of religious involvement. Our findings may be relevant for community stakeholders and organizations that directly interact with religious institutions and community programs that focus on outreach to African American adolescent girls.     

Functional magnetic resonance imaging activation in response to prompts of romantically disillusioning events

To differentiate romantic disillusionment from similar constructs of dissatisfaction and regret, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data obtained when romantically involved individuals (N = 39) were reminded of relationship events representing these emotions were analyzed. Whole‐brain activations suggested disillusionment‐linked processes not observed for dissatisfaction or regret. Compared to dissatisfying events, disillusioning ones showed greater activity in regions pertaining to evaluation, reflection, and reconciling conflicting information (e.g., anterior cingulate cortex). No regions showed significantly more activation for dissatisfying than disillusioning events. Compared to regret‐inducing events, disillusioning events showed greater activation in areas thought pertinent to detail processing and decision making (occipital fusiform and lingual gyrus). Regret‐inducing events activated regions suggesting the planning and thoughts of how one could have acted differently (e.g., prefrontal cortex).     

不同社会群体特征对内隐领导因素的影响

研究发现,中国人内隐领导理论的内容由个人品德、目标有效性、人际能力和多面性四个因素构成。不同的年龄、职业和教育水平等评分者的特点,对领导诸因素的评分有着显著的影响。综合分析发现,教育水平是影响内隐领导因素评分的主要变量。另外,各组都倾向于把人际能力作为领导最大的特质来加以评分。     

心理分离研究进展*

心理分离指的是个体在非工作时间里从工作中分离出来,个体不仅身体上远离工作场所,精神上也摆脱掉工作的事情,对员工工作压力的恢复过程非常关键。首先,文本概述了心理分离的概念及其进展;其次,论述了心理分离研究现状;最后,阐述了心理分离的已有研究存在的问题和未来研究的方向。     

Physical interpersonal relationships and social anxiety among online game players.

Many online game players spend inordinate amounts of time in their favorite virtual worlds. A large percentage of these players are teenagers who show behaviors normally associated with physical addiction. Parents, educators, and social scientists are therefore saying that online games are sources of social problems. The authors surveyed 174 Taiwanese college-age online players to collect data on the potential effects of online games on the quality of interpersonal relationships and levels of social anxiety. According to the results, the quality of interpersonal relationships decreased and the amount of social anxiety increased as the amount of time spent playing online games increased.     

学前儿童对生物衰老的认知

按照“朴素理论”的要素设计研究任务,研究一探查学前儿童能否以衰老这一生命特征为标准做出生物和非生物的本体区分,以及能否对衰老做出生物性而非意图的因果解释;研究二进一步探查学前儿童对生物衰老特性（普遍性和不可逆性）的认知。结果显示,4、5、6岁学前儿童在分类作业中的认知成绩随年龄逐渐提高,而在因果解释中,各年龄组儿童都不用心理意图作为衰老的原因;他们对衰老的认知与其对生长的认知密不可分;学前儿童对衰老两个特性的认知不同步;由研究结果可以推论,6岁儿童在衰老维度上具有了较稳定的朴素生物理论。