智力落后的实验研究及普查结果的分析

智力落后,就其本身来说,不是一种综合症,而是许多不同病因导致中枢神经系统受到损伤,表现为大脑功能发生障碍的一种症状。它发生于发育阶段,是以智力低下和社会顺应不良为特征的。 智力落后的患病率在全世界范围都很高,虽然由于社会要求的标准及年龄取样不同而不完全一致。智力落后是当今社会面临的最重要的社会和医学问题之一,许多国家     

反应时技术在品牌联想测查中的应用

反应时技术在以往品牌研究中主要被用来测查品牌名称与产品类别的联系强度。基于品牌名称语义网络的构成,在已有研究的启发下,将反应时测量技术应用于品牌联想结构的测查之中。研究采用了反应时方法和传统的自由联想方法对三个产品种类五个品牌的品牌联想结构进行了探索。两种结果的对比分析验证了反应时方法的可行性,并且在测量的精确性与客观性上,反应时方法具有较大的优势。该测量技术提供的客观量化数据有助于揭示消费者内在的品牌联想结构,在市场研究中具有广泛的应用前景。     

正确认识同性恋——《中国医学伦理学辞典》条目选载之四

同性恋是一个长期争论不休的问题,但随着科学的进步,越来越多的人已经接受同性恋不是犯罪、精神病的观点,也不再把它看作是道德问题。而我国对同性恋看法的转变还刚刚开始。     

Estimating the polychoric correlation from misclassified data

Many variables that are used in social and behavioural science research are ordinal categorical or polytomous variables. When more than one polytomous variable is involved in an analysis, observations are classified in a contingency table, and a commonly used statistic for describing the association between two variables is the polychoric correlation. This paper investigates the estimation of the polychoric correlation when the data set consists of misclassified observations. Two approaches for estimating the polychoric correlation have been developed. One assumes that the probabilities in relation to misclassification are known, and the other uses a double sampling scheme to obtain information on misclassification. A parameter estimation procedure is developed, and statistical properties for the estimates are discussed. The practicability and applicability of the proposed approaches are illustrated by analysing data sets that are based on real and generated data. Excel programmes with visual basic for application (VBA) have been developed to compute the estimate of the polychoric correlation and its standard error. The use of the structural equation modelling programme Mx to find parameter estimates in the double sampling scheme is discussed.     

心肌缺血再灌注损伤治疗新策略——胆碱能抗炎通路

缺血再灌注损伤（ischemia／reperfusion injury,IRI）是在组织器官缺血恢复血流后,细胞代谢功能障碍及结构破坏反而加重的现象。炎症及其介质可诱发、加重心肌缺血再灌注损伤,已证明与其关系密切。胆碱能抗炎通路是新发现的一条与神经免疫机制相关的抗炎通路,通过分泌乙酰胆碱,抑制炎症因子释放,为防治心肌缺血再灌注损伤提供新的治疗策略。     

卢森堡理解资本主义现代形态的模式创新及其哲学意蕴

罗莎·卢森堡在<资本积累论>(1913)中提出了资本积累必须以非资本主义环境为前提、资本主义的现代形态是"资本积累的世界竞争阶段"和"最后阶段"的理论.这一理论的依据在于"资本积累不能在纯粹的资本主义社会内部实现"的论断.尽管卢森堡否定马克思的社会资本扩大再生产图式、重新建构资本积累模型的理论尝试是错误的,但是她对资本主义横向扩展的研究,特别是她强调资本主义"通过排挤落后的生产形态而发展"的新观点,在全球化资本主义不断扩展的今天仍然具有十分重要的理论价值和实践意义.就哲学方法论而言,卢森堡的"资本积累论"成为"西方马克思主义"的"总体性"思想的来源之一.     

先秦儒家义利观及其当代价值

以孔子、孟子、荀子为代表的先秦儒家,主张“义以为上”、“见利思义”、“义利两有”,是我国传统伦理思想的重要组成部分,对于塑造中华民族精神产生过重要影响。在构建社会主义和谐社会过程中,坚持义与利的辩证统一,对于弘扬以“八荣八耻”为主要内容的社会主义荣辱观,促进精神文明与物质文明协调发展,维护社会稳定必将产生积极作用。     

The contribution of the Responsive Classroom Approach on children's academic achievement: Results from a three year longitudinal study

This paper reports the results of a quasi-experimental study on the contribution of the Responsive Classroom (RC) Approach to elementary school children's reading and math performance over one-, two-, and three-year periods. All children enrolled in six schools (3 intervention and 3 control schools in a single district) were the participants in the study. Children's test scores in math and reading were used as outcomes, and data on treatment fidelity were used to describe differences in use of RC practices between intervention and control schools. Findings showed that, after controlling for poverty and test scores from previous years, the RC Approach contributed to the gains in both reading and math, with math showing greater difference between the intervention and control schools. The contribution of the RC Approach appeared to be greater over a three-year period than over a one or two-year period. These findings provide early evidence for the positive contribution of the RC Approach to gains in academic achievement.     

新颖寻求特质对药物成瘾易感性的影响及其机制

新颖寻求特质是个体对新颖刺激或潜在的奖赏线索表现出愉悦或兴奋的先天倾向, 并且这种先天倾向会导致个体为寻求潜在的奖赏进行频繁的探索性活动。众多研究表明, 新颖寻求水平高的个体药物成瘾易感性高。多巴胺、5-羟色胺、谷氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、胆囊收缩素、成纤维细胞生长因子及皮质酮可能参与了新颖寻求特质影响药物成瘾易感性的过程。未来, 仍需对新颖寻求特质影响药物成瘾易感性的神经生物学机制进行深入研究。