Thinking about multiple identities boosts children’s flexible thinking

Studies of children's developing social identification often focus on individual forms of identity. Yet, everyone has multiple potential identities. Here we investigated whether making children aware of their multifaceted identities—effectively seeing themselves from multiple angles—would promote their flexible thinking. In Experiment 1, 6‐ to 7‐year‐old children (N = 48) were assigned to either a Multiple‐Identities condition where they were led to consider their multiple identities (e.g. friend, neighbor) or to a Physical‐Traits condition where they considered their multiple physical attributes (e.g. legs, arms). Children in the Multiple‐Identity condition subsequently expressed greater flexibility at problem‐solving and categorization than children in the Physical‐Traits condition. Experiment 2 (N = 72) replicated these findings with a new sample of 6‐ to 7‐year‐old children and demonstrated that a Multiple‐Identity mindset must be self‐relevant. Children who were led to think about another child's multiple identities did not express as much subsequent creative thinking as did children who thought about their own multiple identities. Experiment 3 (N = 76) showed that a Mmultiple‐Identity framework may be particularly effective when the identities are presented via generic language suggesting that they are enduring traits (in this case, identities depicted as noun phrases rather than verbal phrases). These findings illustrate that something as simple as thinking about one's identity from multiple angles could serve as a tool to help reduce rigid thinking, which might increase open‐mindedness in a society that is becoming increasingly diverse.     

Friendship Interactions in Children with and without Depressive Symptoms: Observation of Emotion during Game-Playing Interactions and Post-Game Evaluations

This observational study supplements the strong and consistent link found between childhood depression and deficits in interpersonal functioning by examining the relationship between a high versus low score on the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) and children’s emotions when interacting with their best friends. High-CDI and low-CDI target children (n=86) were paired for videotaped game-playing with self-reported best friends. Researchers found that although high-CDI target children were not distinguishable from low-CDI peers in their displays of positive and negative emotion. However, the partners of high-CDI target children displayed significantly more negative emotion during the competitive task and significantly less positive emotion during the cooperative task than did partners of low-CDI target children. In addition, high-CDI target children and their partners reported less enjoyment of their interactions than low-CDI target children and their partners. This combination of findings suggests that depressive symptoms were associated with a relative lack of success achieving an optimal friendship interaction even under highly favorable conditions.     

认知行为干预防治个体晕船发生的实验研究

从心理学角度探讨晕船防治的有效方法,以降低出海作业人员的晕船发生率。本研究对某部门出海作业人员进行了认知行为干预的实验对照研究,研究对象先在陆地模拟抗晕训练,后出海航行进行检验;两组陆地训练内容均有平衡功能适应性训练,实验组外加认知行为干预。研究采用Graybiel晕动病症状和体征的评分标准进行晕船反应评估。结果表明：海训中实验组的晕船发生率、Graybiel平均年导分及其等级均显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）,初步显示：认知行为干预对晕船防治有一定效用,可作为综合防治晕船的辅助手段。     

中国雇员组织承诺特征之道德追溯

从现有文献的研究成果看,中国雇员特有的组织承诺特征可以总结为五点：一是从结构模型上的理想因子显现;二是情感承诺更加影响中国雇员的组织行为;三是承诺指向上级而非组织;四是离职动因注重在位能得到什么;五是集体主义与个人主义的冲突。通过对各个特征进行道德追溯,我们发现,“理想人格”解释了理想承诺,“仁”造就了中国雇员的情感承诺,“忠”的思想使承诺指向上级,离职动因在于“谨慎”思考,集体主义与个人主义的冲突改变了传统道德集体主义的提倡。     

外来工子女与父母养育方式关系的研究

摘要本研究以1128名四到六年级的外来工与城市居民子女作为被试,以儿童孤独感问卷(CLS)与父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)为研究工具,对外来工与城市居民子女的社会孤独感与父母养育方式的关系进行研究。运用多因素方差分析与回归分析等统计方法对研究数据进行处理,结果表明:(1)儿童孤独感性别差异显著,男生的孤独感显著高于女生;(2)儿童孤独感年龄差异显著,随着年龄增长,孤独感强度呈现出显著的下降趋势;(3)外来工子女的孤独感显著高于城市居民子女的孤独感,父惩罚因子、父偏爱因子与母关心理解因子对儿童孤独感影响显著,能较好的预测儿童孤独感。     

护士职业承诺结构的研究

目的:寻找适用于护士群体的职业承诺测评工具,探索护士职业承诺的结构维度,以期为解释护士离职现象、稳定护理队伍提供参考。方法:引入Blau(2003)的职业承诺问卷,以344名护士为预试样本,探索职业承诺的因子结构;采用正式问卷调查500名护士,再次验证问卷的信、效度。结果与结论:护士职业承诺问卷具有良好的信、效度,其因子结构由5维度组成,包括情感承诺、规范承诺、经济成本承诺、情感代价承诺和机会承诺。     

品牌个性与消费者自我概念的一致性及其对品牌忠诚的影响

品牌个性与消费者自概念的一致性是指消费者在进行品牌选择时,倾向于选择那些品牌个性与其自我概念一致的品牌。品牌个性与自我概念的一致性对消费者的品牌忠诚具有积极的影响。许多研究都证实了这一点。本文主要对品牌个性与消费者自我概念的一致性对品牌偏好的影响做了简要的概述,对并对其未来研究方向进行了展望。     

Testing for Measurement Invariance with Respect to an Ordinal Variable

Researchers are often interested in testing for measurement invariance with respect to an ordinal auxiliary variable such as age group, income class, or school grade. In a factor-analytic context, these tests are traditionally carried out via a likelihood ratio test statistic comparing a model where parameters differ across groups to a model where parameters are equal across groups. This test neglects the fact that the auxiliary variable is ordinal, and it is also known to be overly sensitive at large sample sizes. In this paper, we propose test statistics that explicitly account for the ordinality of the auxiliary variable, resulting in higher power against “monotonic” violations of measurement invariance and lower power against “non-monotonic” ones. The statistics are derived from a family of tests based on stochastic processes that have recently received attention in the psychometric literature. The statistics are illustrated via an application involving real data, and their performance is studied via simulation.