试论慎子的学术思想

慎子是战国中期稷下学宫的代表人物之一。其思想主要体现在《慎子》①一书中。由于资料缺乏,慎子的思想学术派别历来说法不一。②本文以为:慎子将道家道法自然的思想加以演化并与其尊君、尚法、贵势、重术的学术理论很好地融合在了一起,但法家思想是其学术思想的重点与核心,他是战国中期由学说林立走向学术融合的重要代表性人物。     

社会转型与民间信仰变迁——泉州个案研究

泉州是我国民间信仰最为繁盛发达的地区之一,也是改革开放后经济社会急剧转型的地区之一。转型社会的几个典型特征——城市化进程加快、人口流动性加大、经济快速提升以及现代社团组织制度初步确立,给泉州民间信仰以深刻影响。泉州民间信仰因之表现出从传统时代民众的公共性事务,向当代信徒的私人性事务过渡的趋势。     

Approximated Penalized Maximum Likelihood for Exploratory Factor Analysis: An Orthogonal Case

The problem of penalized maximum likelihood (PML) for an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) model is studied in this paper. An EFA model is typically estimated using maximum likelihood and then the estimated loading matrix is rotated to obtain a sparse representation. Penalized maximum likelihood simultaneously fits the EFA model and produces a sparse loading matrix. To overcome some of the computational drawbacks of PML, an approximation to PML is proposed in this paper. It is further applied to an empirical dataset for illustration. A simulation study shows that the approximation naturally produces a sparse loading matrix and more accurately estimates the factor loadings and the covariance matrix, in the sense of having a lower mean squared error than factor rotations, under various conditions.     

Randomized single-blind multicenter trial comparing the effects of standard and augmented acupuncture protocols on sleep quality and depressive symptoms in patients with depression

The study was aimed to compare the effects of standard and augmented acupuncture on depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances in patients with depression. This is a randomized, single-blind, multicenter trial. 140 subjects with clinical insomnia (score of ≥ 7 on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)) were randomized to the standard (LI4, LIV3, EX-HN3, and GV20) or augmented (LI4, LIV3, EX-HN3, GV20, LU7, and KID6, including intradermal needles for sustained treatment) acupuncture groups. Participants received two sessions weekly for six weeks. In trial, The primary outcomes were improvements in PSQI and the Hamilton Rating Scale (HAMD). Secondary outcomes were treatment credibility and adverse events. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, week 3, end of treatment, and 4-week follow-up. From the 105 randomized patients, 89 completed the trial and were included in the final analyses. Better efficacy was observed in the augmented group compared with the standard acupuncture to improve the PSQI and HAMD at week 3, end of treatment, and 4-week follow-up (all p < .05). The HAMD scores improved with time, except between end of treatment and 4-week follow-up, while in the standard group, HAMD scored improved from baseline to week 3, and stopped improving thereafter. The PSQI scores improved with time in the two groups, except between end of treatment and 4-week follow-up. Compared with the standard protocol, the augmented acupuncture protocol had a better efficacy to treat depression and to improve sleep quality of patients with depression.     

文化的差异、错位与冲突——谢和耐《中国与基督教——中西文化的首次撞击》再读

谢和耐在《中国与基督教》一书中,运用大量的历史资料揭示明末清初中国文化和基督宗教首次真正的交流的意义。谢氏强调的相对独立发展起来的两种文化的差异,明显地表现在彼此互动的态度和期待的错位,而这些都直接影响到双方交流的方式以及交流在社会文化中产生的结果。今日再读谢氏的著作,重温其理解现状不能完全回避过去的论述,对当代基督教中国化的实践和研究仍有借鉴价值。