Hue distinctiveness overrides category in determining performance in multiple object tracking

The visual distinctiveness between targets and distractors can significantly facilitate performance in multiple object tracking (MOT), in which color is a feature that has been commonly used. However, the processing of color can be more than “visual.” Color is continuous in chromaticity, while it is commonly grouped into discrete categories (e.g., red, green). Evidence from color perception suggested that color categories may have a unique role in visual tasks independent of its chromatic appearance. Previous MOT studies have not examined the effect of chromatic and categorical distinctiveness on tracking separately. The current study aimed to reveal how chromatic (hue) and categorical distinctiveness of color between the targets and distractors affects tracking performance. With four experiments, we showed that tracking performance was largely facilitated by the increasing hue distance between the target set and the distractor set, suggesting that perceptual grouping was formed based on hue distinctiveness to aid tracking. However, we found no color categorical effect, because tracking performance was not significantly different when the targets and distractors were from the same or different categories. It was concluded that the chromatic distinctiveness of color overrides category in determining tracking performance, suggesting a dominant role of perceptual feature in MOT.     

Destigmatising the stigma: Understanding the impact of message framing on Chinese consumers' guilt and attitude associated with overspending behaviour

Overspending has been a largely stigmatised consumer behaviour in traditional Chinese culture. However, social and economic development in recent decades has induced the rise of Chinese consumerism and changes in public attitudes towards overspending. Focusing on overspending stigmas Gouwukuang (GWK) and Duoshoudang (DSD) and stigma‐relevant attitudes, the present study investigates the effect of perceived stigma on consumers' attitude towards overspending through the mediating effect of anticipated consumer guilt. The moderating role of message framing in this relationship is also examined. Results of two analyses indicate that (a) between the two stigmas, DSD is less stigmatising and preferred in comparison to GWK in social interaction and self‐identification; (b) participants' perception of the stigma associated with overspending predicts their anticipation of guilt associated with this behaviour, which in turn predicts negative attitude towards overspending; (c) message framing moderates the relationship between perceived stigma and anticipated guilt, and hence facilitates destigmatisation of the traditionally stigmatised behaviour of overspending. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

团体成员共情的影响因素及作用模型——基于扎根理论

本研究旨在探索团体咨询成员共情的概念、影响因素及其作用。运用扎根理论对11名团体咨询成员的访谈资料分析,共形成11个轴心编码。根据编码间的关系得到如下结果：1. 团体成员共情包括共情理解、共情表达和共情感知;2. 团体成员共情理解的影响因素为相似性、观点采择;共情感知的影响因素为相似性和共情表达;3. 团体成员共情通过促进成员关系、认知领悟和情感支持提升团体效果。据此构建了团体成员共情的影响因素及作用模型。     

家庭功能与学前儿童行为问题的关系:依恋回避和社交焦虑的多重中介作用

采用纵向的研究设计,对上海市两所公办幼儿园192名学前儿童进行为期一年半的追踪调查,探讨了家庭功能与学前儿童行为问题之间的关系以及依恋回避和社交焦虑的中介作用。结果发现：（1）家庭功能、依恋回避、社交焦虑和儿童行为问题之间存在两两相关;（2）家庭功能能够显著负向预测儿童行为问题;（3）依恋回避和社交焦虑分别在家庭功能和行为问题之间起独立中介作用;（4）依恋回避和社交焦虑在家庭功能和行为问题之间起序列中介作用。研究结果进一步揭示了家庭功能对学前儿童行为问题影响的内在机制。     

中国人心理健康素养干预效果的元分析

本研究遵循PRISMA-Protocol, 运用元分析的技术, 以心理健康素养的知识、污名态度和求助为结果变量, 考察干预效果及影响因素, 以期为更高效地提升心理健康素养提供参考。元分析共纳入38项研究。结果发现：干预对知识、污名态度和求助的即时效果量达到显著的中到大的效果(知识：g = 0.70, 污名态度：g = -0.52, 求助：g = 1.18)。亚组分析结果表明：心理健康素养的干预效果受地域、被干预者类型、干预中的互动与接触以及试验类型等多个变量的影响。后续研究应进一步探索心理健康素养的调节变量, 并结合中国文化, 制定针对不同干预对象的个性化干预方案, 以提升干预效益。     

Comparison of two discrimination methods in teaching Chinese children with autism

In teaching conditional discriminations to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), practitioners may progress from simple to conditional discriminations or may teach conditional discriminations from the onset of instruction. Some research indicates that teaching simple discriminations first may be unnecessary and that teaching may more efficiently focus on conditional discriminations exclusively. This study replicated comparisons of simple-to-conditional and conditional-only discrimination training methods in teaching audio-visual conditional discriminations to Chinese preschoolers with ASD. Results indicated the conditional-only training method appeared to be more efficient in teaching these skills.     

自然科学概念形成过程中外显与内隐学习的比较

本研究选取真实的自然科学概念来对概念形成过程及其中的外显与内隐学习进行实验性探索．证明了自然科学概念形成过程中内隐学习的存在;阐释了概念形成过程中内隐学习的效率可与外显学习不相上下;揭示了真实的自然科学概念形成过程是由渐进期——高原期——突变期三个阶段构成的．不论外显学习还是内隐学习,接近真理的路径十分相似,并且没有显著的性别差异;此外还发现自然科学概念的内隐学习可以有效地用语言启动。本研究结果对心理学和自然科学教学均有理论价值与实践意义。     

反应时技术在品牌联想测查中的应用

反应时技术在以往品牌研究中主要被用来测查品牌名称与产品类别的联系强度。基于品牌名称语义网络的构成,在已有研究的启发下,将反应时测量技术应用于品牌联想结构的测查之中。研究采用了反应时方法和传统的自由联想方法对三个产品种类五个品牌的品牌联想结构进行了探索。两种结果的对比分析验证了反应时方法的可行性,并且在测量的精确性与客观性上,反应时方法具有较大的优势。该测量技术提供的客观量化数据有助于揭示消费者内在的品牌联想结构,在市场研究中具有广泛的应用前景。     

父母教养与MAOA基因rs6323多态性对学前儿童外化问题的共同作用

采用G×E交互作用的研究范式,以295名学前儿童（M=4.49）和其母亲、父亲作为研究对象,探讨母亲和父亲的教养方式与MAOA基因rs6323多态性对学前儿童外化问题行为的影响。结果发现：母亲、父亲教养方式和MAOA基因多态性对学前儿童外化问题行为的影响存在性别差异,预测男孩外化问题行为时,母亲和父亲教养方式的主效应显著,与MAOA基因多态性的交互作用不显著;在预测女孩外化问题行为时,父亲教养方式的主效应显著,母亲教养方式与MAOA基因多态性的交互作用显著,显著性区域分析发现,携带T等位基因的女孩更容易受到母亲消极教养的不利影响而产生更多外化问题行为,也更容易受到其积极教养的有利影响而减少外化问题行为,这一结果支持差别易感性理论模型。     

儿童对时间顺序的认知发展的实验研究Ⅰ

本实验以按时序排队和组成时间系列以及口头申述理由为客观指标、探讨4—7岁儿童对每日时序(早晨、中午、晚上)和一日之延伸(昨晚、明早)以及对时序的相对性认知发展的水平和特点。结果表明:5、6岁儿童对一日之内早午晚时序已能正确认知,但4岁儿童仍相当困难;4、5、6岁儿童对一日前后延伸的时序和时序相对性的认知随年龄而发展,但总的认知水平仍较低;对时序相对性的认知到7岁可以达到。儿童对时序的理解是以本身的生活经验为时间关系的参照物。儿童时间词语的发展与对时间关系的认知是互相促进的,两者的发展是不同步的。