Testing for Measurement Invariance with Respect to an Ordinal Variable

Researchers are often interested in testing for measurement invariance with respect to an ordinal auxiliary variable such as age group, income class, or school grade. In a factor-analytic context, these tests are traditionally carried out via a likelihood ratio test statistic comparing a model where parameters differ across groups to a model where parameters are equal across groups. This test neglects the fact that the auxiliary variable is ordinal, and it is also known to be overly sensitive at large sample sizes. In this paper, we propose test statistics that explicitly account for the ordinality of the auxiliary variable, resulting in higher power against “monotonic” violations of measurement invariance and lower power against “non-monotonic” ones. The statistics are derived from a family of tests based on stochastic processes that have recently received attention in the psychometric literature. The statistics are illustrated via an application involving real data, and their performance is studied via simulation.     

汉语本体符号新释

汉语“本体”由“本”与“体”两个符号组成,截然不同于印欧语系的 ontology。汉语“本体”与“体”“本”构成一个内在统一的过程。中华先哲的问学之旅,即是立“本”生“道”、“本体”与“体”“本”的和合相生之旅。汉语本体构成了汉语思维进行诗性超越的根基,它独特的创新意识表现为追“本”溯源、返“本”开新,在这个意义上汉语本体与方法论是统一的。自现代以来,ontology 式本体之理解遮蔽了汉语“本体”的“本”来内涵,汉语“本体”符号亟待摆脱ontology 的“殖民”,而返回母语故乡。     

Taking Confucian Thought Seriously for Contemporary Society: Rejoinder to Lauren Pfister,Ronnie Littlejohn,and Li Chenyang

This rejoinder focuses on a few points of disagreement that I have with Li Chenyang, Ronnie Littlejohn, and Lauren Pfister regarding their critical comments on my book Reconstructionist Confucianism. In response to Pfister’s concerns, I point out that my book attempts to base on classical, rather than other, Confucian sources in order to reconstruct the Confucian virtue-based, ritual-guided, and family-oriented view of life for contemporary society. In appreciating Littlejohn’s suggestion on Confucian environmentalism, I contend that a kind of Grand View Garden as we find in the Dream of Red Mansion would be a typical Confucian garden, manifesting the Confucian ideal of a family-oriented way of life that holds in harmonious relations with the rest of nature under the direction of the cosmic principles. Finally, I offer detailed replies to Li’s series of challenges to my view on li 禮, arguing for the essential constitutive nature of the Confucian rituals.     

白乌鸦效应的稳定性研究

本研究以319名初中生为被试,考察群际背景中,个体对圈内和圈外的规范者和偏常者的评价模式,探索白乌鸦效应的稳定性。研究结果表明：（1）在同一群体内,个体评价偏常者总是高于规范者,这与国外研究不一致;个体评价圈内规范者高于圈外规范者,评价圈外偏常者高于圈内偏常者,这与以往研究的白乌鸦效应一致;（2）随着偏常成员偏离忠诚的程度加剧,个体对规范者的评价更积极,对偏常者的评价更消极;（3）随着群际偏见提高,个体对圈内规范者的评价提高,对圈内偏常者的评价下降,对圈外成员的评价不受群际偏见影响。     

具身认知:身体主题在心身关系研究中的回归

上世纪80年代以来,随着经典认知研究的步履维艰,认知研究逐渐显示出具身化的特点。具身认知是第二代认知科学的代表,它强调身体在认知形成中的重要性,认为身体对认知有限制、分配和调节作用,并具有与经典认知不同的运动观。近年来研究者们以实验手段力求为具身认知的存在提供证据,着力考察认知与身体感知运动状态的相互影响。具身认知理论在认知构建、生态效度等方面具有自己的优势,但目前具身认知还是一个新兴的研究领域,有待进一步的深入探讨。     

试论因子确证的三种取向及其整合

因子的确证问题关系到因子分析中保留几个因子,甚至关系到心理测量学的未来发展。历史上曾出现过三种取向:数理取向、哲理取向和心理取向。数理取向认为因子的确证应在与别的因子的数理关系中进行;哲理取向认为因子的确证应在逻辑关系中进行的;心理取向则认为因子的确证需要有心理基础。对于心理取向的漠视阻碍了研究者对因子实质的深入思考,造成研究难以深入,研究未整合等诸多问题。整合三种取向有利于建立正确的因子分析的研究观念。     

人事选拔决策过程匹配评价的现场研究:以ASD理论“A”阶段分析为例

采用现场研究的方法,对来自16个组织的1195名参加应聘的应聘者与招募者之间进行互动评价。结果验证了招募者对应聘者内隐匹配评价的二阶四维度模型,同时还验证了ASD成长模型的"A"阶段的作用机制,即在现实人事选拔过程中,招募者匹配评价和胜任力评价对雇佣推荐都有显著作用,且P-J匹配评价和基本管理特质的影响效果要大于其他。     

内外向者幽默加工进程差异:ERP研究

本研究采用事件相关电位技术(ERP),探究幽默的加工进程及内外向者在加工进程中的差异。研究以笑话为实验材料,要求被试先浏览背景信息和妙句结尾,然后评估先后呈现的文字材料的关系。行为结果:内向者的反应时显著短于外向者。ERP结果:(1)幽默加工过程包括不一致探测阶段、不一致消解阶段和情绪加工阶段。(2)不一致无关的N400波幅显著大于一致不可笑;不一致无关的P600波幅显著小于不一致可笑和一致不可笑;800ms之后不一致可笑引发了比一致不可笑和不一致无关更大的正波幅。(3)内外向者在幽默加工进程上的差异主要体现在幽默加工阶段的早期。与内向者相比,外向者在幽默不一致探测阶段所用的认知资源较少,加工的自动化程度较高。     

Collective and Individual Self-Esteem Mediate the Effect of Self-Construals on Subjective Well-Being of Undergraduate Students in China

Human psychology and behavior are influenced by culture. Self-construals reflect the individualism-collectivism dimension at the level of individual personality. The current study aimed to explore how self-construals affect subjective well-being (SWB) in China, which has a collectivist culture. Chinese undergraduates (N?=?442) participated in this study. They responded to the self-construal scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, collective self-esteem scale and measures of SWB. The results suggested that the type of self-construal significantly predicted SWB. Moreover, an individual’s self-esteem completely mediated the impact of independent self-construal on SWB, whereas interdependent self-construal influenced SWB directly, as well as indirectly though collective self-esteem. In addition, collective self-esteem promoted individual self-esteem, which in turn further stimulated SWB. These findings extend prior reports and shed light on how individual differences in self-construal affect SWB.