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81.
Sabrina Brigadoi Simone Cutini Fabio Scarpa Pietro Scatturin Roberto Dell’Acqua 《Cognitive processing》2012,13(1):97-101
Studies employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have highlighted a covariation between the amplitude of hemodynamic responses recorded in primary and supplementary motor areas (M1 and SMA) and the duration of a motor task. A subset of these studies have hinted to a possible functional dissociation between processing carried out in these areas, with SMA primarily involved in action preparation, while M1 involved in action execution. This proposed functional dissociation was explored in the present study using a different technique—functional near-infrared spectroscopy—which enabled a finer-grained monitoring of the temporal characteristics of the hemodynamic response compared to fMRI. Here, hemodynamic responses in M1 and SMA were recorded in 7 participants during a right-finger-tapping task of short (1 s) or long (3 s) duration. Hemodynamic responses of larger amplitude were recorded from both contralateral M1 and SMA during long-duration than short-duration tapping. Furthermore, the analysis of the temporal profiles of these responses revealed a more sustained and prolonged activity for long-duration versus short-duration tapping in M1, but not in SMA. Rather than functionally dissociable areas, the present results are more compatible with the hypothesis that M1 and SMA subserve different, though strongly interacting, functional subroutines subtended in motor task preparation and execution. 相似文献
82.
In a recent article, Schwartz (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 17:82?C87, 2010) reported the effects of emotion on tip-of-the-tongue states (TOTs). He found increased TOTs for emotion-inducing questions, as well as a carryover effect in which high TOT rates were observed following emotion-inducing questions. In the present study, we sought to replicate these findings while controlling for word frequency, but we found an increased TOT rate neither for emotion-inducing questions nor following emotion-inducing questions. We report three attempts to replicate Schwartz??s (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 17:82?C87, 2010) effect that focused on systematic differences in word frequency between stimulus sets in the original study; none of the key findings reported by Schwartz (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 17:82?C87, 2010) were found in any of the experiments. These results fail to support prior claims concerning the effects of emotion on TOTs Schwartz (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 17:82?C87, 2010). The discussion focuses on the importance of controlling for systematic differences in word characteristics between groups of items. 相似文献
83.
Casey O’Callaghan 《Philosophical Studies》2011,153(1):143-160
Recent work on non-visual modalities aims to translate, extend, revise, or unify claims about perception beyond vision. This
paper presents central lessons drawn from attention to hearing, sounds, and multimodality. It focuses on auditory awareness
and its objects, and it advances more general lessons for perceptual theorizing that emerge from thinking about sounds and
audition. The paper argues that sounds and audition no better support the privacy of perception’s objects than does vision;
that perceptual objects are more diverse than an exclusively visual perspective suggests; and that multimodality is rampant.
In doing so, it presents an account according to which audition affords awareness as of not just sounds, but also environmental
happenings beyond sounds. 相似文献
84.
There is a standard version of the history of modern mainstream psycholinguistics that emphasizes an extraordinary explosion
of research in mid twentieth century under the guidance and leadership of George A. Miller and Noam Chomsky. The narrative
is cast as a dramatic shift away from behavioristic principles and toward mentalistic principles based largely on transformational
linguistics. A closer view of the literature diminishes the historical importance of behaviorism, shows a prevailing “written
language bias” (Linell in The written language bias in linguistics: Its nature, origins and transformations, Routledge, London, 2005, p. 4) in psycholinguistic research, and elevates some theoretical and empirical thinking of the
late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries on language and language use to a far more important role than has heretofore
been acknowledged. In keeping with the theoretical and methodological perspective of the present article, it is particularly
appropriate that the German philologist Philipp Wegener be “given his due in the annals of linguistic sciences” (Koerner 1991,
p. VI*). In his (1885/1991) Untersuchungen über die Grundfragen des Sprachlebens (Investigations regarding the fundamental questions of the life of language; our translation), he began his philological research with the investigation of actual speaking in everyday settings rather
than with analyses of purely formal structure. Moreover, he emphasized understanding language and localized this function
in the listener. Compatible with Wegener’s own investigations is another aspect of speaking that has been most seriously neglected
throughout the history of research on the psychology of verbal communication. For him, as well as for Esper (In C. Murchison
[Ed.], A handbook of social psychology, Clark University Press, Worchester, MA, 1935), the basic and primary genre of dialogical discourse was not ongoing conversation,
but the occasional use of speech in association with other activities. Both Bühler (Sprachtheorie, Fischer, Stuttgart, 1934/1982) and Wittgenstein (Philosophische Untersuchungen/Philosophical investigations, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1958) have also emphasized the importance of the genre of occasional speaking. The article concludes
with a discussion of historical shifts in the relationship between psychology and linguistics. 相似文献
85.
Kristin Duppong Hurley Jacqueline Huscroft-D’Angelo Alexandra Trout Annette Griffith Michael Epstein 《Journal of child and family studies》2014,23(5):812-823
There are many measures that assess parenting skills or practices, such as behavior, beliefs, coping mechanisms, reactions to stress, or discipline. However, little is known about the psychometric quality of these parenting measures. This information is essential for practitioners and researchers to aide in the selection of the most valid and reliable measures to assess parenting behavior or attitudes. This study examined the psychometric quality among parenting measures published from 1985 to 2009. After the initial search 164 measures were identified, but were reduced to 25 measures that supplied some degree of psychometric information, were published in the United States or Canada, and were in English. Measures were compared across numerous categories including respondent type, norming data, administration type, and ten psychometric variables such as internal consistency, content validity, and predictive validity. Out of the 25 measures, seven had no acceptable psychometric properties, seven had only 1–2 acceptable ratings on psychometric properties, six had between 3 and 4 acceptable psychometric ratings, none had between 5 and 6 acceptable ratings, and only five had strong psychometric properties in seven or more of the 10 categories. Likewise, only five measures provided and norming information and 14 measures provided scoring procedures. Implications, limitations, and recommendations for future research are discussed. 相似文献
86.
Clémence Verhaegen Fabienne Collette Steve Majerus 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2014,21(4):464-482
The aim of this study is to assess the impact of hearing status on age-related decrease in verbal short-term memory (STM) performance. This was done by administering a battery of verbal STM tasks to elderly and young adult participants matched for hearing thresholds, as well as to young normal-hearing control participants. The matching procedure allowed us to assess the importance of hearing loss as an explanatory factor of age-related STM decline. We observed that elderly participants and hearing-matched young participants showed equal levels of performance in all verbal STM tasks, and performed overall lower than the normal-hearing young control participants. This study provides evidence for recent theoretical accounts considering reduced hearing level as an important explanatory factor of poor auditory-verbal STM performance in older adults. 相似文献
87.
Although gaze-following abilities have been demonstrated in a wide range of species, so far no clear evidence has been available for dogs. In the current study, we examined whether dogs follow human gaze behind an opaque barrier in two different contexts, in a foraging situation and in a non-foraging situation (food involved vs. food not involved in the situation). We assumed that dogs will spontaneously follow the human gaze and that the foraging context will have a positive effect on dogs’ gaze-following behaviour by causing an expectation in the dogs that food might be hidden somewhere in the room and might be communicated by the experimenter. This expectation presumably positively affects their motivational and attentional state. Here, we report that dogs show evidence of spontaneous gaze-following behind barriers in both situations. According to our findings, the dogs gazed earlier at the barrier in the indicated direction in both contexts. However, as we expected, the context also has some effect on dogs’ gaze-following behaviour, as more dogs gazed behind the barrier in the indicated direction in the foraging situation. The present results also support the idea that gaze-following is a characteristic skill in mammals which may more easily emerge in certain functional contexts. 相似文献
88.
McKee Laura G. DiMarzio Karissa Parent Justin Dale Chelsea Acosta Juliana O’Leary Jessica 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2022,50(2):193-210
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology - Although there is relative consensus in the literature regarding associations between certain emotion socialization (ES) strategies and youth... 相似文献
89.
O’Bryan Emily M. Stevens Kimberly T. Bimstein Jessica G. Jean Anishka Mammo Liya Tolin David F. 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2022,44(2):353-363
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment - The conceptual overlap between intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and anxiety sensitivity (AS) has gained recent attention, with researchers... 相似文献
90.
Journal of Happiness Studies - Interviewers in face-to-face surveys can potentially introduce bias both in the recruiting and the measurement phase. One reason behind this is that the measurement... 相似文献