青少年智能手机问题性使用与焦虑的交叉滞后分析

对393名高中生进行10个月的纵向追踪,采用问卷法考察青少年智能手机问题性使用与焦虑之间的关系。结果发现：青少年智能手机问题性使用与焦虑水平随着时间推移有增加的趋势;青少年智能手机问题性使用与焦虑显著正相关;前测焦虑水平能够显著预测后测智能手机问题性使用程度,而前测智能手机问题性使用程度不能显著预测后测焦虑水平,且这一预测关系存在性别差异。     

纵向数据的中介效应分析

目前中介效应检验主要是基于截面数据,但许多时候截面数据的中介分析不适合进行因果推断,因而需要收集历时性的纵向数据,进行纵向数据的中介分析。评介了基于交叉滞后面板模型、多层线性模型和潜变量增长模型的纵向数据的中介分析方法及其四个发展。第一,中介效应随时间变化,如连续时间模型、多层时变系数模型。第二,中介效应随个体变化,如随机效应的交叉滞后面板模型和多层自回归模型。第三,中介模型的整合,如交叉滞后面板模型与多层线性模型整合为多层自回归模型。第四,中介检验方法的发展,建议使用Monte Carlo、Bootstrap和贝叶斯法进行纵向数据的中介分析。总结出一个纵向数据的中介分析流程并给出相应的Mplus程序。随后展望了纵向数据的中介分析的拓展方向。     

Are there differential word length effects in the two visual fields?

This study examined whether differential word length effects in the two visual fields imply hemisphere-dependent modes of word recognition. Length was defined as the number of constituent characters of Chinese foreign names (Experiments 1 and 2), as the number of constituent morphemes of three-character words (Experiments 3 and 4), and as that of constituent words of phrases (Experiments 5 and 6). Two types of experimental tasks were adopted, one required linguistic judgments on overall items (Experiments 1, 3, and 5) and the other was target detection tasks performed on the same set of stimuli (Experiments 2, 4, and 6). Five of the six experiments failed to find any kind of interaction between length and visual field. An interaction was observed only for the detection of characters embedded in foreign names, that is, when lexical access is least involved in the task, suggesting that word recognition plays a minimum role in the phenomenon. Other observations suggested that modes of word recognition are more frequency-dependent than hemisphere-dependent, and that Chinese compound words and phrases, although hardly distinguishable, do behave differently.     

Preschoolers' understanding of knowing-that and knowing-how in the United States and Hong Kong

Two experiments on preschoolers' understanding of the effects of exposure on knowing-that and knowing-how were conducted with 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children (N=388) in 2 locations: a small midwestern city in the United States and a suburban area of Hong Kong, China. By using both English- and Chinese-speaking samples, the authors examined differences in children's understanding of knowing-that and knowing-how as well as the impact of different types of linguistic markers on the understanding of these concepts. Across both studies, in both locations, and for judging the knowledge of self or of others, children's understanding for knowing-that preceded their understanding for knowing-how. Implications of these findings both for universal patterns of theory-of-mind development and for how culture may impact on that development are discussed.     

从触摸的历史反思医学中触摸的应用

从触摸的定义、起源、应用发展演变阐明了其历史,并总结触摸在医学中的应用现状及特色.但由于历史、宗教、性别文化等因素的影响,触模在医学中的应用存在一定障碍和困境,对这些应用困境进行反思,最终提出解决策略.     

A Discussion on Governmental Research Grants

Governmental research grants are financially supported by taxpayers to meet financial requirements of research, particularly research that is unlikely to be supported by private funds. Researchers reward donors by producing knowledge. Publishing research results in an academic journal reflects achievement by researchers; however, receiving a grant award does not. The latter only provides the researcher with the capacity to perform his/her research. Applicants may receive more financial support than they actually need because there is no strict audit on the amount of money requested by each research proposal. There are fewer opportunities to apply for a governmental grant than there are for publishing an academic article, and the application process for governmental grants is not flexible. Some potentially innovative research may be impeded by the intense competition among scientific researchers applying for financial support. Researchers face stiffer competition at this stage than at the stage of publishing results. This paper suggests that scientific foundations can improve their efficiency by giving funding preference to economic proposals. Methods for estimating the efficiency of grants are proposed. The practice followed by the Small Grants for Exploratory Research programme of the National Science Foundation validates my analysis and recommendations.     

汉川市公共卫生服务人员工作现状及岗位荣誉感调查分析

采用整群抽样的方法,对汉川市公共卫生服务人员进行问卷调查与小组讨论,了解汉川市公共卫生服务人员的工作现状及岗位荣誉感,探究我国公共卫生服务人员面临的主要问题。研究结果表明,公共卫生服务人员工作中最大的困难是业务经费不足,最大干扰是缺乏业务与学术交流,对岗位荣誉感影响最大的因素是工作收入与付出不符,其他因素还有年龄、学历、职称、职务和收入水平等,通过文献研究,针对所述问题提出管理策略,以提高从业人员的岗位荣誉感。     

人的听觉调谐曲线

听觉系统的频率选择性可以用调谐曲线及其Q值表征。本研究用同时掩蔽法测定了10名正常听者和5名听力衰退者的心理物理调谐曲线和生理调谐曲线。为便于两种曲线的比较,实验用了相同的声刺激,即频率为50DHz和4000Hz的感觉级相同的短音。测定生理调谐曲线所用的电生理指标为脑干反应的P_6—SN_(10)复合波的幅值。实验结果表明:(1)两种调谐曲线的锐度Q没有显著的差异,(2)听力衰退者4000Hz的两种调谐曲线的锐度Q都显著地小于正常听力者相应曲线的锐度Q。本文说明用适当的声刺激和电生理指标,生理调谐曲线能够和心理物理调谐曲线近似等值地、同样灵敏地、具有频率特殊性地反映听系统的频率选择性及其变化。