The Moderating Effect of Sex on the Prediction of Job Satisfaction in the Public Sector

The author reports the results of his study examining whether sex moderates the relationship between general job satisfaction or dissatisfaction and the 25 job satisfaction factors of the Triple Audit Opinion Survey (TAOS). The author conducted Hierarchical Multiple Regression Covariance Analysis to test the homogeneity of regression (intercepts and slopes) between males and females using the five orthogonal factors derived from the 25 job satisfaction components of the TAOS as the independent variables and the general job satisfaction scores of the TAOS as the dependent variable.     

Time Management as a Stressor for Helping Professionals: Implications for Employment

This study summarizes and compares the findings of 5 studies completed between 1984 and 1994 that dealt with the factors that cause stress for 4 groups of helping professionals: regular classroom teachers, special education teachers, nurses in a tertiary care hospital, and social workers in child welfare. Time and its effective management proved to be the most significant stressor category for all groups. Possible explanations for the persistence of time management concerns in these helping professions, and possible implications for employment counselors, both as helpers and information providers to those who seek to enter such professions, are proposed.     

学龄儿童理解寓言、比喻詞的年龄特点

一 儿童在入学后,經过教学的影响,不但逐漸掌握了一些知識,而且在掌握方式上也发生着变化,这点在思維活动的特点上表現得特别明显。在学前儿童的心理活动中,占主导地位的是感性认識,如果說感性认識也包合着低級思維,即所謂具体的、形象的思維,那么到学龄期,儿童开始能从对事物的外部現象的认識逐漸过渡到对事物內部联系的认識,即所謂抽象的、邏輯的思維。这一变化影响着儿童整个心理活动,使之发生一些质变。儿童     

技能訓練的几个問題

自从1958年以来,我們对工业生产中的技工培訓、創造革新和改进操作方法等問題进行了一些調查訪問和研究工作,涉及不同性貭的企业和不同工种,遇到了不少心理学問題。技能問題是其中之一。技工培訓的主要內容当然是技能訓练問題,而操作方法、劳动組織、劳动工具的任何改进,对于技能的掌握、改造和提高也都会发生一定影响,它們間接地联系到技能訓练問題。本文仅就我們所遇到的有关技能訓练的几个主要問題談談我們的做法和看法。     

心理治療在慢性精神分裂症中的应用

心理治疗在精神分裂症中的应用曾經历曲折的过程。自从1933年胰島素昏迷、卞地查痙攣、电痙攣等一系列所謂“休克疗法”相继問世并大大提高精神分裂症的疗效以后,各国学者对精神分裂症的研究曾重点轉移到神經、內分泌、代謝障碍等方面的病理生理和生化問題上,并且获得了丰碩的成果,因而对心理治疗的兴趣就显著地減退了。然而目前神經、高級神經活动生理或生化机制并不能圓滿地解释病人所呈現的各种特殊的心理現象,所以心理动力学的問題随着神經生理和生化方面研究的深入发展,又引起人們的注     

试论家庭治疗的理论基础

按照历史发展的顺序,从精神分析、系统论与控制论、依附理论以及建构主义这四个方面对家庭治疗的理论基础进行了论述,并对这四种理论取向对家庭治疗的贡献以及依附理论与家庭治疗的异同进行了探讨.     

Managing stress or enhancing wellbeing? Positive psychology's contributions to clinical supervision

One of the key functions of clinical supervision as practised by health professionals such as psychologists includes the restoration of wellbeing, but there are few guidelines in the supervision literature on how to go about this. Research into concepts from the field of positive psychology such as work engagement, sense of coherence, self‐efficacy, flow and resilience has begun to provide detailed understanding of workers' happiness, health and betterment. These findings provide possible directions for supervision interventions that go beyond traditional review of self‐care and stress‐management strategies and seek to extend the wellbeing of the supervisee. This article explores the application of positive psychology to enhance the wellbeing of practitioners such as psychologists, who often work in inherently difficult work environments such as the mental health field. Specifically, a narrative approach is proposed as one possible method and practical examples are offered to demonstrate how positive psychology may be applied in the practice of clinical supervision.     

PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS EXPLAINING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INTEGRITY TESTS AND COUNTERPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR: BIG FIVE,OR ONE IN ADDITION?

Although the criterion-related validity of integrity tests is well established, there has not been enough research examining which personality constructs contribute to their criterion-related validity. Moreover, evidence of how well findings on integrity tests in North America generalize to non-English speaking countries is virtually absent. This research addressed these issues with data obtained from employees and students in Canada and Germany (total N = 853). Specifically, we tested the hypotheses that (a) Honesty–Humility, as specified in the HEXACO model of personality, is relatively more important than the Big 5 dimensions of personality in accounting for the criterion-related validity of overt integrity tests, whereas (b) the Big 5 are relatively more important in explaining the validity of personality-based integrity tests. These predictions were tested using 2 criteria (counterproductive work behavior and counterproductive academic behavior) as well as 2 overt and 2 personality-based integrity tests. We found evidence of the expected differences between types of integrity tests largely regardless of culture of the sample, specific test, criterion, or population under research, pointing to some degree of generalizability of findings in integrity testing research. Implications include theoretical refinements in research on integrity testing and encouragement of practical applications beyond North America.     

A META-ANALYSIS OF THE ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF WORKPLACE SEXUAL HARASSMENT

Sexual harassment (SH) has been identified as one of the most damaging and ubiquitous barriers to career success and satisfaction for women. This study meta-analyzed data from 41 studies, with a total sample size of nearly 70,000 respondents, to examine several negative consequences of workplace SH as well as how situational factors may play a role in facilitating these occurrences. SH experiences are associated with negative outcomes such as decreased job satisfaction, lower organizational commitment, withdrawing from work, ill physical and mental health, and even symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. In addition, organizational climate for SH figured prominently in facilitating these occurrences.     

应激对风险和社会决策的影响

应激是有机体在受到真实或者潜在的威胁刺激时所表现出来的全身性非特异性反应, 伴随着紧张和焦虑的心理体验, 交感神经系统的兴奋, 糖皮质激素分泌的增多以及脑干−边缘系统−前额叶神经环路的改变。应激对个体在风险决策行为中的风险寻求和风险回避倾向, 社会决策行为中的利己和利他倾向都会产生重要影响。策略使用异常、习惯化和自动化反应增强、反馈学习过程以及奖惩敏感性的改变是应激影响决策行为的认知基础; 应激激素的分泌, 及杏仁核、前额叶等在决策过程发挥重要作用的脑区活动的改变则为应激作用于决策行为的神经基础。未来研究应重点关注：应激的个体差异与应激对决策影响效应多样性的关系; 综合多种指标对应激进行测量; 考察应激的时序效应; 揭示个体的最佳应激水平; 加强对慢性应激影响决策以及应激对决策影响效应可逆性的研究; 揭示应激影响决策的神经机制。