患者门诊话语中确认性问句的信息索取功能

确认性问句是门诊患者使用最多的向医生索取核心医学信息的间接方法。经考察这种兼有信息索取功能的确认性问句的功能、语言形式、内容、医生的答句各方面的特征,得出结论：这种确认性问句是病人综合考虑其目的和利益及其在医患角色关系中所处的地位、医生心理、语用原则、当前医惠关系现状各因素后所选择的语言策略,医生应该认真对待。     

彩色多普勒超声判定食管静脉曲张破裂出血危险性的价值

通过对肝硬化者行超声检测,预测食管静脉出血,结果显示,出血组门静脉及胃左静脉管径均增粗,但胃左静脉曼明显,门静脉血流速减慢而胃左静脉增快;出血组胃左静脉均呈离肝血流,其分流指数明显增大.胃左静脉的管径及血流速与门静脉比较具有显著的变化,其分流指数和血流方向在预测出血方面具有更大的价值.     

Maltreated children's memory: accuracy, suggestibility, and psychopathology

Memory, suggestibility, stress arousal, and trauma-related psychopathology were examined in 328 3- to 16-year-olds involved in forensic investigations of abuse and neglect. Children's memory and suggestibility were assessed for a medical examination and venipuncture. Being older and scoring higher in cognitive functioning were related to fewer inaccuracies. In addition, cortisol level and trauma symptoms in children who reported more dissociative tendencies were associated with increased memory error, whereas cortisol level and trauma symptoms were not associated with increased error for children who reported fewer dissociative tendencies. Sexual and/or physical abuse predicted greater accuracy. The study contributes important new information to scientific understanding of maltreatment, psychopathology, and eyewitness memory in children.     

Information-processing modules and their relative modality specificity

This research uses fMRI to understand the role of eight cortical regions in a relatively complex information-processing task. Modality of input (visual versus auditory) and modality of output (manual versus vocal) are manipulated. Two perceptual regions (auditory cortex and fusiform gyrus) only reflected perceptual encoding. Two motor regions were involved in information rehearsal as well as programming of overt actions. Two cortical regions (parietal and prefrontal) performed processing (retrieval and representational change) independent of input and output modality. The final two regions (anterior cingulate and caudate) were involved in control of cognition independent of modality of input or output and content of the material. An information-processing model, based on the ACT-R theory, is described that predicts the BOLD response in these regions. Different modules in the theory vary in the degree to which they are modality-specific and the degree to which they are involved in central versus peripheral cognitive processes.     

国外有关自我伤害功能模型的研究述评

自我伤害行为是指在没有自杀动机的情况下,个体反复地改变或伤害自己的身体组织,但不具致命性.在简要对自我伤害行为界定的基础上,对目前国外较有影响力的自伤功能模型,即环境功能模型、驱力功能模型、情绪管理功能模型、边界功能模型、体验回避功能模型进行了总结.未来的研究需要进一步加强功能测量方面的探讨.     

密尔"不伤害"原则及其对行政权力的道德限定

密尔把政府所能合法施用于个人的行政权力的性质和限度表述为一个基本原则,即"不伤害"原则."不伤害"原则对行政权力给予道德限定,既保证行政权力存在的正当性和合法性,又要求政府在不侵犯个人自由权利的基础上,承担起政府建设性的公共职能."不伤害"原则为行政权力在有为与无为之间确立了合理性限度.     

企业员工组织支持感与工作满意度、离职意向的关系研究

通过对611名企业员工的调查,探讨组织支持感与工作满意度、离职意向之间的关系。结果表明：组织支持感与工作满意度存在显著的正相关;组织支持感与换岗意向、换职意向存在显著的负相关．但仅对换职意向具有负向预测作用;工作满意度与换岗意向、换职意向存在显著的负相关,并对二者都具有负向预测作用。     

硕士研究生择业心理探析及干预对策

当前硕士研究生就业问题受到重视,其择业心理也开始得到关注。本文通过访谈调查部分硕士研究生的择业心理,首先分析了硕士生择业良好心态的原因,然后重点探讨了硕士生存在的八种不良的择业心态及其产生的深层次背景,最后针对不良择业心态提出了建立以个人、学校、家庭、社会相结合的支持系统的干预措施。     

青少年语文创造力的发展研究

采用自编的《青少年语文创造力测验》,研究了初一到大一750名青少年语文创造力的发展.结果表明:(1)青少年的语文创造力存在显著的年级差异,随着年级的升高,语文创造力呈波浪式持续发展的趋势;(2)青少年语文创造力存在显著的性别差异,初二到高二以及大一,女生的语文创造力显著的优于男生.     

外向性与快乐感相关变量的关系

该研究的目的是考察外向性对快乐感的直接和间接影响,建立外向性与快乐感相关变量的结构模型。对342名被试施测中国外向性量表、社会交往量表、社会支持量表、应对方式量表和情感量表,运用结构方程模型对数据进行拟合。结果显示：外向性不仅直接影响快乐感,还通过社会交往、社会支持、应对方式对快乐感给予间接影响。最后讨论了外向性人格特点与快乐感相关变量的关系。