成人肱骨髁间髁上骨折的手术治疗体会

观察经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双柱铜板治疗肱骨髁间髁上骨折临床疗效。13例肱骨髁间髁上骨折患者经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双柱钢板治疗,结果13例患者获9个月～14个月的随访,末次随访肱骨髁间髁上及尺骨鹰嘴骨折均获得骨性愈合;2例合并尺神经原发损伤经对症处理及神经营养治疗6个月后症状消失,1例患者出现肘关节周围骨化性肌炎,肘关节屈曲僵硬畸形Mayo肘关节功能评分优8例,良3例,可1例,差1例,优良率达84．6％。因此,在肱骨髁间髁上骨折的手术治疗中尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路对于显露骨折断端固定方便可靠,对于促进骨折愈合,肘关节的早期功能锻炼有良好的临床疗效。     

The hard-won benefits of familiarity in visual search: naturally familiar brand logos are found faster

Familiar items are found faster than unfamiliar ones in visual search tasks. This effect has important implications for cognitive theory, because it may reveal how mental representations of commonly encountered items are changed by experience to optimize performance. It remains unknown, however, whether everyday items with moderate levels of exposure would show benefits in visual search, and if so, what kind of experience would be required to produce them. Here, we tested whether familiar product logos were searched for faster than unfamiliar ones, and also familiarized subjects with previously unfamiliar logos. Subjects searched for preexperimentally familiar and unfamiliar logos, half of which were familiarized in the laboratory, amongst other, unfamiliar distractor logos. In three experiments, we used an N-back-like familiarization task, and in four others we used a task that asked detailed questions about the perceptual aspects of the logos. The number of familiarization exposures ranged from 30 to 84 per logo across experiments, with two experiments involving across-day familiarization. Preexperimentally familiar target logos were searched for faster than were unfamiliar, nonfamiliarized logos, by 8 % on average. This difference was reliable in all seven experiments. However, familiarization had little or no effect on search speeds; its average effect was to improve search times by 0.7 %, and its effect was significant in only one of the seven experiments. If priming, mere exposure, episodic memory, or relatively modest familiarity were responsible for familiarity’s effects on search, then performance should have improved following familiarization. Our results suggest that the search-related advantage of familiar logos does not develop easily or rapidly.     

略论汉代墓室建筑的伦理意蕴

作为灵魂不灭思想和祖宗崇拜的产物,墓葬自产生以来便得到世人的重视,这在诸子尤其是儒家孝悌观念影响深厚的汉代社会尤其如此。汉代墓室建筑的形制、构造、装饰特征等,反映了人们对于死后世界的一种认识,表达的是生者对死者的尊重和追思,反映了汉代社会生活中的等级观念、生死观念和孝敬观念。     

受试者权利保护中的程序公正——对"黄金大米"事件的反思

"黄金大米"的儿童试验被曝程序违规,引起公众广泛的质疑和思考.此次试验的程序规范缺失,致使儿童受试者不但没有受到特殊保护,反而其正当权利被忽视与侵犯.儿童受试者权利被忽视是实质不公正,恰好暴露出我国的人体试验程序公正存在问题,法规条文并没有得到严格执行,伦理审查制度存在缺陷,致使受试者的权利没有得到有效保护.受试者权利保护是实质公正的价值追求.程序公正是实质公正的前提和保证,完善、正当的程序才能确保受试者权利得到最大限度的保护.因此追求程序公正,以达到最大限度的保护受试者权利,尤为重要.     

国际社会传染病法修订的特点与发展趋势

基于现有公共卫生领域相关的法律体系与制度难以支持公共卫生部门履行其核心职能并完成其目标任务的现状,系统描述了传染病预防控制与传染病法的相互关系,以及国际卫生领域传染病法修订与完善的过程及发展趋势,最后总结了国际社会传染病法修订的特点:委托卫生(健康或社会福利)部门和疾病预防与控制等研究机构不断调整和规范法定传染病病种;不同层级的卫生主管部门都有疫情发布的权利,但是重大疫情信息是由国家或州卫生主管部门发布,而小范围的疫情则由市、县等地方卫生主管部门来发布;强调传染病法与宪法相关条款的衔接.     

基层诊所的药源性疾病分析

药源性疾病问题在基层诊所发生的情况如何?本文通过分析基层诊所的常见病种及常见的周药行为,从给药途径;医理不明性药物滥用;中西药品联合使用等三个方面,进行了分析研究与探讨.     

Modeling Concordance Correlation Coefficient for Longitudinal Study Data

Measures of agreement are used in a wide range of behavioral, biomedical, psychosocial, and health-care related research to assess reliability of diagnostic test, psychometric properties of instrument, fidelity of psychosocial intervention, and accuracy of proxy outcome. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) is a popular measure of agreement for continuous outcomes. In modern-day applications, data are often clustered, making inference difficult to perform using existing methods. In addition, as longitudinal study designs become increasingly popular, missing data have become a serious issue, and the lack of methods to systematically address this problem has hampered the progress of research in the aforementioned fields. In this paper, we develop a novel approach to tackle the complexities involved in addressing missing data and other related issues for performing CCC analysis within a longitudinal data setting. The approach is illustrated with both real and simulated data.     

艾滋病暴露前用药的伦理学思考

目前有研究提示艾滋病暴露前药物预防能潜在降低感染风险,如果其有效性得到证实将有很大应用前景.然而处于临床阶段的PrEP正面临一系列伦理问题,如性耻感的消解,性行为去抑制,知情与隐私权,受试者生命安全、知情同意、经济承受力.解决好这些伦理问题,是这项新策略顺利进行的重要保障.     

视觉的伦理关涉和悖论

视觉的悖论是由"看"与"被看"、权力和权利、形式设计与意义关怀等相反相成的关涉组成的混合体."看"与"被看"既反映出一种主客体之间的张力关系,也逐渐表现出其权力变化的趋向.通过权力和权利作为视觉伦理关系的两极,可以清晰地看到隐藏在视觉背后的意识形态性.视觉的形式设计与意义关怀的失衡必然带来视觉互动过程中的伦理偏差,过度强调视觉的形式设计必然会影响到视觉本身的传达效果,消解视觉的意义关怀所在,也会误导人们的价值观念.在视觉的伦理关涉和悖论后面,我们更需要寻找到实质为人与自然、人与自身、人与人、人与社会之间关系的平衡.     

Chronic administration of troxerutin protects mouse brain against d-galactose-induced impairment of cholinergic system

Previous evidence showed that administration of d-galactose (d-gal) increased ROS production and resulted in impairment of cholinergic system. Troxerutin, a natural bioflavonoid, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of troxerutin against d-gal-induced impairment of cholinergic system, and explored the potential mechanism of its action. Our results displayed that troxerutin administration significantly improved behavioral performance of d-gal-treated mice in step-through test and morris water maze task. One of the potential mechanisms of this action was decreased AGEs, ROS and protein carbonyl levels in the basal forebrain, hippocampus and front cortex of d-gal-treated mice. Furthermore, our results also showed that troxerutin significantly inhibited cholinesterase (AchE) activity, increased the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 7 (nAchRα7) and enhanced interactions between nAchRα7 and either postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) or N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors subunit 1 (NMDAR1) in the basal forebrain, hippocampus and front cortex of d-gal-treated mice, which could help restore impairment of brain function.