A Comparative Study of Creative Thinking of American And Japanese College Students

Cross-cultural differences in creative thinking were assessed for 51 American and 54 Japanese college students. The American college students showed statistically significantly higher scores on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) figural test than the Japanese college students. No gender differences were found in either culture. Performance on the TTCT did not correlate with the performance on broad academic aptitude/achievement measures for either culture.     

学术与人生——从审美判断谈起

本文论述了如下概念之间的基本关系:1)学术本身是以求真为目的的,求真的机制是想象力在理性的范导下通过知性来协调、整合感性的形式与质料。2)这种机制必然伴随有审美的价值。一旦这种价值被自觉,这种自觉就成为学术的原动力,并由于审美活动自身之原理——想象力的自由活动与知性、理性的协调一致——极大地激发学术创造的功能。3)因此,纯正的学术人生将因为美的发生而变得有意义、有活力。4)由于学术活动的审美内涵中除了美之外还有崇高感,纯正的学者如此终其一生,将完成一种崇高的人格塑造。     

Procedural fairness predicts cooperative behaviour for high-self-esteem individuals but not for low-self-esteem individuals

Cooperation is vital for modern society. Previous studies showed that procedural fairness promotes cooperation; however, they mainly focused on cooperation intention, which may fail to reveal actual cooperative behaviour. Moreover, little is known regarding the personality boundary of the effect of procedural fairness on cooperation. Guided by previous findings that self-esteem increases sensitivity to procedural unfairness, we attempted to explore the moderating effect of self-esteem on the association between procedural fairness and cooperative behaviour. In Experiment 1, 160 participants' self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; procedural fairness was manipulated in two conditions, depending on whether money was allocated in an economic game by rolling the dice twice or an allocator's arbitrary choice. Cooperative behaviour was assessed using the chicken game paradigm. Experiment 2 (148 participants) aimed to replicate and extend the results of Experiment 1 using a more rigorous experimental design, in which the possible effect of outcome favourability was excluded. The results of both experiments consistently showed that procedural fairness positively predicted cooperative behaviour, and this association was significant in high-self-esteem individuals, but not in low-self-esteem individuals. These findings shed light on the vital role of self-esteem in understanding the relationship between procedural fairness and cooperative behaviour.     

A comparison of classmate and self-evaluation of dysphoric and nondysphoric Chinese students

Forty dysphoric and thirty-nine nondysphoric Chinese college students participated in this study. Subjects completed forms on performance standard setting, self-evaluation, and self-perceived efficacy for their academic performance and social skills. Two classmates of each subject were asked to appraise the subject's level of academic performance, social skills, and academic efficacy. The results showed that although there was no difference between the standards the subjects set for themselves in the two groups, dysphorics showed lower self-evaluation, and self-perceived efficacy than nondysphorics. In comparison with their classmates' appraisals, dysphorics rated themselves lower both on their academic performance and social skills, whereas their efficacy judgements coincided with their classmates' appraisals. The findings suggest that depressed people are sadder but not wiser when self-evaluation and self-efficacy are taken into consideration.     

论黄宗仰与《频伽藏》的校刊及其贡献

近代爱国名僧黄宗仰本着佛法应时救世的精神,亦为推动近代佛教文化复兴事业的发展,顺应近代佛经刊刻事业发展的需要,在哈同夫妇的大力资助下主持校刊<频伽大藏经>,以其独特的选本、取材的广泛、校勘的严谨,以及僧俗联手合作等特点,对近代佛教文化的复兴有着重要影响.