《文化演化与宗教》

社会学家贝拉(Robert Bellah)在其颇具影响力"宗教演化"的文章中,根据广泛的人类经验提出了一个检验文化和宗教互动的模式。贝拉在其雄心勃勃的计划中还是保持相当的谦虚,他警觉到其所用的例证源于历史文献,而模式本身则不是历史。模式是"一种思考的工具":一个用来指导思考的理论性框架,而非基于田野调查的经验性描述。在我们下面的讨论中,我们将使用贝拉的"思考工具"的基本模式,将包括来自贝拉本人和其他宗教学者研究中的一些修正和补充的内容。     

The Effect of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy on Post-Traumatic Depression in Flood Victims

Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy - Posttraumatic depression is often observed among flood victims all over the world including Nigeria. People who survived the...     

The Role of Hope, Spirituality and Religious Practice in Adolescents’ Life Satisfaction: Longitudinal Findings

This longitudinal study presents the first examination of the relation between hope, spirituality, religious practice and life satisfaction of students in Portugal. A sample of 227 adolescents aged 15–19 completed the Portuguese versions of the Children Hope Scale, Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale and a single item for each spirituality and religious practice variable. The results from the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses suggest that hope and spirituality, but not religious practice, were strongly linked to adolescents’ life satisfaction. Hope significantly predicted life satisfaction at a single time point, 6-months and 1-year later, and spirituality scores added significant variance beyond hope scores. All the variables demonstrate moderate to high stability across 6-months and 1-year time frame; no significant changes were found between the variables across the administrations. These results parallel recent studies of adult and child life satisfaction and suggest strategies to promote life satisfaction in adolescents.     

To Preserve,Protect, and Defend: Masculine Honor Beliefs and Perceptions of the 2016 Presidential Candidates

We investigated the relationship between masculine honor beliefs and perceptions of the candidates vying for the presidency. Consistent with hypotheses, we found that higher levels of masculine honor beliefs were associated with more positive perceptions of Donald Trump and with more negative perceptions of Hillary Clinton. Furthermore, our results indicate that higher levels of masculine honor beliefs were associated with clear preferences for Donald Trump. Thus, our data, collected immediately prior to the election likely reflect the beliefs and perceptions that individuals took with them to the polls and help to explain the decisions that voters made on Election Day.     

REMEDIATION OF ALEXIA: A CASE STUDY

This article describes the results of a remedial program provided to a subject who had incurred aphasia and alexia as a result of a series of strokes. The subject was pretested individually on a battery of tests and provided a specific type of remediation by a trained tutor. Posttests were administered to determine the effects of the instructional methods. Substantial gains were noted in language and auditory comprehension with a lesser gain in word recognition. Scores on other tests remained unchanged and the subject continued to make errors indicative of alexia. The results suggest that further research of the remedial methods over a longer period of time is needed.     

99 MULTIPLE MEANING WORDS FOR PRIMARY STUDENTS AND WAYS TO TEACH THEM

The cumulative first grade word lists from three widely‐used basal series were combined and alphabetized through the use of a computer program. Of the 255 words common to all three lists, 228 (almost 90%) had multiple meanings. From these a basic list of 99 multiple meaning words was selected by applying three criteria: (a) all or most definitions of the word could be related to primary grade children's experiences; (b) the word was used as more than one part of speech; and (c) the word had four or more different definitions. Activities to develop children's knowledge of the multiple meanings of words are suggested through the use of pictures and objects, picture dictionaires and concept books, semantic mapping, and sentence context.     

Using Information from an Early Intervention Program to Enhance Literacy Goals on the Individualized Education Program (IEP)

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act requires that an Individualized Education Program (IEP) be developed for each child that receives special education services. To develop the most effective IEP, information is gathered from everyone who has worked with the child. In many schools the child receives early intervention services prior to referral to special education. One early intervention program that is utilized for first grade children falling behind in reading and writing is Reading Recovery®. The detailed information gathered as part of this program provides invaluable information that may facilitate development of appropriate literacy goals. This article discusses the information that is collected in the Reading Recovery program and provides an example of how this information can be utilized to support the development of IEP literacy goals.     

Green construction and energy training program for at‐risk individuals: a case study

Training individuals who are at risk of unemployment/underemployment to increase their employability is a mission of many nonprofit agencies. These training programs, often supported by government funding, attempt to reduce these individuals’ reliance on government assistance. The purpose of this study is to obtain hard data and an in‐depth understanding about the factors that contribute to the success of the Green Construction training program. The methodology used is a multimethod, multimeasure approach, which provides a reasonably robust triangulation of results. The findings indicate that the program is successful because it has good participant retention, knowledge gain, and placement rates.     

Cortisol,stress, and attentional bias toward threat

Abstract

Attentional bias toward threatening stimuli is a central characteristic of anxiety and acute stress. Recent small-scale studies have provided divergent perspectives on the association between the stress hormone cortisol and attentional bias toward threat cues. In a larger sample size than previous studies, we examined this association by investigating the impact of cortisol on attentional bias in two studies using a psychological stressor (N=35) and a physical stressor (N=65), respectively. Attentional bias and salivary cortisol were measured prior to and following the administration of a stressful task designed to increase cortisol levels. Results across these studies were equivocal relative to the association between baseline cortisol and baseline attentional bias. In addition, the association between acute change in cortisol and change in attentional bias appeared to differ as a function of the presence or absence of psychological stress. There was a trend toward a stronger negative association between acute cortisol change and attentional bias change among women relative to men. These results imply that the association between cortisol and attentional bias may be moderated by additional factors, such as gender or presence of stress.