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41.
This article describes two experiments on awareness in recognition memory for novel faces. Two kinds of awareness, recollective experience and feelings of familiarity in the absence of recollective experience, were measured by "remember" and "know" responses. Experiment 1 showed that "remember" but not "know" responses were reduced by divided attention at study. Experiment 2 showed that massed versus spaced repetition of faces in the study list had the opposite effects on "remember" and "know" responses. Massed repetition increased "know" responses and reduced "remember" responses. Spaced repetition increased "remember" responses and reduced "know" responses. The results of both experiments replicate previous findings from the verbal domain in the domain of face recognition, and hence they increase the ecological validity of this experiential approach to memory and awareness and the generality of its database. These findings are discussed from a rehearsal perspective on factors influencing the two states of awareness and in relation to the alternative "process dissociation" procedure. 相似文献
42.
Cris M. Sullivan Rebecca Campbell Holly Angelique Kimberly K. Eby William S. Davidson II 《American journal of community psychology》1994,22(1):101-122
Presented the 6-month follow-up findings of an experimental intervention designed to provide postshelter advocacy services
to women with abusive partners. The intervention involved randomly assigning half the research participants to receive the
free services of an advocate, 4 to 6 hours per week, for the first 10 weeks postshelter. One hundred forty-one battered women
were interviewed about their experiences immediately upon their exit from a domestic violence shelter: 95% of the sample were
interviewed 10 weeks thereafter (postintervention), and 93% were successfully tracked and interviewed 6 months later. At the
6-month follow-up, participants in both groups reported increased social support, increased quality of life, less depression,
less emotional attachment to their assailants, and an increased sense of personal power. Although women in both groups reported
some decrease in physical abuse over time, there were no statistically significant differences between those with and those
without advocates, and abuse continued to be a problem for many women. Those who were still involved with their assailants
continued to experience higher levels of abuse and had been more economically dependent upon the men prior to entering the
shelter. Women who had worked with advocates continued to report being more satisfied with their overall quality of life than
did the women in the control group.
The authors thank the Editor and anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Thanks also to all present and past staff
of the Community Advocacy Project, who helped in data collection and analyses. This work was supported by National Institute
of Mental Health Grant 1R01 MH 44849. 相似文献
43.
Ian Parker 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》1994,4(4):239-252
This paper is concerned with reflexivity in research, and the way research is grounded in the operations of the psy-complex in social psychology. A central argument is that qualitative research in general, and a focus on reflexivity in particular, requires theoretical grounding. Distinctions are drawn between ‘uncomplicated subjectivity’, ‘blank subjectivity’ and ‘complex subjectivity’; and the analytic device of the ‘discursive complex’ is described. It is argued that such theoretical grounding can usefully draw on developments in discourse analytic, deconstructionist, and psychoanalytic social research. The opposition between objectivity and subjectivity is deconstructed, and psychoanalytic conceptual reference points for an understanding of the discursive construction of complex subjectivity in the context of institutions are explored with particular reference to the location of the researcher in the psy-complex. The paper discusses the reflexive engagement of the researcher with data, and the construction of the identity of the researcher with reference to professional bodies. An analysis of a document produced by the British Psychological Society is presented to illustrate conceptual issues addressed in the first sections. This illustrative analysis is designed to show how the material is structured by a series of six discursive complexes, and that the institutional structure facilitates, and inhibits, certain forms of action and reflection. 相似文献
44.
Dianne Parker Stephen G. Stradling Antony S. R. Manstead 《Journal of applied social psychology》1996,26(1):1-19
This study builds on previous theory of planned behavior (TPB) studies in which we identified the beliefs and values which predict intention to commit driving violations. Four short experimental videos were developed in order to assess the effectiveness of an intervention grounded in the TPB. Three of the videos featured the major constructs of the TPB model. The fourth video featured anticipated regret, an addition to the TPB model which had previously been shown to add significantly to its predictive performance (Parker, Manstead, & Stradling, 1995). Results indicated that two of the videos brought about statistically significant belief changes with respect to scores on TPB items, and significant changes in general attitudes toward speeding. Discussion centers on the problems encountered in operationalizing the TPB constructs and on the potential of theory-based interventions to induce attitude change. 相似文献
45.
H. Nicholas Nagel Lewis P. Shapiro Betty Tuller Rebecca Nawy 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》1996,25(2):319-344
We present three experiments designed to investigate the role of prosody during sentence processing. The first investigated the question of whether an utterance's prosodic contour influences its comprehension on-line. We spliced the beginning and end portions of direct object and embedded clause sentences and observed the consequent effects on comprehension using a dual-task procedure to measure processing load. Our second experiment sought to determine-whether the constituent structure of these sentences could be reliably predicted using prosodic information. We found that the duration and F0 contour associated with the main-clause verb and the following NP reliably distinguished between the direct object and embedded clause constructions. In the final experiment, we manipulated the duration of the main-clause verb and found that subjects used this information to guide their initial parse during on-line sentence comprehension. The need for a model of sentence processing that addresses the use of prosodic information is discussed.The work reported in this paper was supported in part by NTH grant DC00494. 相似文献
46.
The Revised Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R): Factor Structure, Reliability, and Criterion Validity 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
C. Keith Conners Gill Sitarenios James D. A. Parker Jeffery N. Epstein 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1998,26(4):257-268
The Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) is a popular research and clinical tool for obtaining parental reports of childhood behavior problems. The present study introduces a revised CPRS (CPRS-R) which has norms derived from a large, representative sample of North American children, uses confirmatory factor analysis to develop a definitive factor structure, and has an updated item content to reflect recent knowledge and developments concerning childhood behavior problems. Exploratory and confirmatory factor-analytic results revealed a seven-factor model including the following factors: Cognitive Problems, Oppositional, Hyperactivity-Impulsivity, Anxious-Shy, Perfectionism, Social Problems, and Psychosomatic. The psychometric properties of the revised scale appear adequate as demonstrated by good internal reliability coefficients, high test-retest reliability, and effective discriminatory power. Advantages of the CPRS-R include a corresponding factor structure with the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale—Revised and comprehensive symptom coverage for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and related disorders. Factor congruence with the original CPRS as well as similarities with other parent rating scales are discussed. 相似文献
47.
Rebecca Tolen 《Sex roles》1998,39(7-8):643-650
The contributors to this issue examine variousinterconnections among gender, class, ethnicity, region,and nation through a focus upon Yucatecan women. Somecommon themes that link the papers relate to rural social and economic transformation,migration, and the redefinition of indigenous ethnicity.We are given glimpses of the emergence of new andpreviously unthinkable configurations of class andethnicity in Yucatan, a process that has taken placethroughout Latin America in recent decades. A number ofpapers describe situations of partial proletarianizationin which men migrate from rural areas to cities, while women remain in the countryside. Theauthors stress the often-overlooked contributions madeby indigenous women to household economy, and also tendto stress continuity, complementarity, and the mediating or brokerage position of women. Contradictionswithin the household and between rural and urban areasshould also be considered. The assertion that Mayawomen's role in social transformations is primarily that of guardians and defenders of tradition isproblematic. Tradition andmodernity are not fixed categories, norare they qualities of people or collectivities, but waysof talking about the relationship between the present andthe past, about social and spatial distance from centersof polity and economy. Staking a claim to being theguardians of tradition or of an ethnic essence may be a wayof defining a social position inthe present, in the context of contemporaryrelationships within the community. This collectionprovides compelling evidence of the reinvention ofethnicity in contemporary Yucatan, but our assumptionsabout ethnicity and tradition should be approached withthe same critical attitude these authors bring to thestudy of gender. 相似文献
48.
Joseph P. Stokes David J. McKirnan Lynda Doll Rebecca G. Burzette 《Psychology of women quarterly》1996,20(2):267-284
Individual interviews with 350 behaviorally bisexual men aged 18–30 revealed that 71% of their female sexual partners and 59% of their steady female sexual partners in the past 6 months had not been aware of their homosexual activity. Rates of nondisclosure were higher for African-American than White men. Compared to nondisclosers, men who disclosed to all their female partners were less self-homophobic and perceived their friends, families, and neighbors as more accepting of their homosexual behavior. Compared to men who had disclosed, the nondisclosers had more female partners and used condoms less consistently with women. 相似文献
49.
Leonard H. Epstein Gene G. Abel Frank Collins Lynn Parker Paul M. Cinciripini 《Behaviour research and therapy》1978,16(3):153-160
The relationship between levels of frontalis muscle activity and self-reports of pain was evaluated in two studies. In Study I frontalis muscle activity and self-reports of pain collected during biofeedback treatment of muscular contraction headache clients were correlated. In Study II frontalis EMG activity was increased and decreased using biofeedback techniques while concurrent reports of headache pain were recorded. The results of Study I indicated a significant relationship between EMG activity and reported headache pain for only two of the five subjects studied. The biofeedback procedures in Study II were associated with reliable increases and decreases in EMG activity. Concordance between EMG and pain reports occurred only during the EMG increase condition. Overall correlations were significant for one of the 2 subjects. The results suggest that EMG activity may not be sufficient to account for pain reports in all chronic headache clients, and variables other than EMG activity may be influencing reports of pain in some patients. 相似文献
50.