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Scott C. Carvajal Joanna R. Photiades Richard I. Evans Susan G. Nash 《Journal of applied social psychology》1997,27(18):1617-1628
This study examined determinants of substance use derived from the theory of planned behavior as influenced by acculturation. Latino adolescents (n= 448) completed measures of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intentions toward substance use, and 2 acculturation components. The degree to which Latino adolescents were exposed to as well as use Spanish was unrelated to determinants of future substance use, whereas the degree to which they interact with non-Latino peers exerted a protective effect regarding future substance use. However, both acculturation components influenced the extent social influence determinants predicted future substance use. Intervention strategies may need to consider acculturation in order to effectively direct resources toward those psychosocial determinants of substance use of greatest relevance to Latino populations. 相似文献
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Eye movement data analysis often entails reliable detection of the onset of saccades. Saccades are most easily separated from fixations on the basis of movement velocity and acceleration. Convolution integers are used to estimate the velocity and acceleration of eye movements, and these serve as the basis of an eye movement data-classification program. The technique of derivative estimation by convolution integers has the advantage of being easily calculated and the disadvantage of returning results shifted in phase. The disadvantage is overcome by using ring buffers for the synchronization of data and results. 相似文献
827.
Wayne O. Evans 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1962,5(3):335-337
A technique is described in which rats are pretrained with reinforcement to bar press. Each bar press was associated with a tone. This tone was later paired with one of two aspects of an electric shock, either at the onset or at the end of the shock, in a situation in which the shock is inescapable. These animals were retested in the operant situation under conditions of extinction, but with tone present as a conditioned reinforcer. The finding was that animals for which the tone was associated with shock onset extinguished quickly, whereas animals for which the tone was paired with shock termination extinguished more slowly. 相似文献
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We present an example of an innovative constructed response test format–a write-in/mark-in paper-and-pencil test–as an alternative to the traditional multiple-choice paper-and-pencil test, with the potential for reducing subgroup differences. We present subgroup differences data on these 2 paper-and-pencil test formats on an operational promotional exam in a sample of African American and White firefighters. The tests were designed to measure the same content domain. Using within-subjects data that compared the performance of 13 African American and 14 White fire captains, and between-subjects data that compared the performance of 21 African American and 49 White fire captains, several results were in the predicted direction such that subgroup differences were reduced on the constructed response test. However, these results did not reach statistical significance. Therefore, the study points to the need for additional research to further evaluate the promise of the constructed response test format. 相似文献
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In this paper, we outline how we have developed a series of technologies that enable planning information to be disseminated
to affected citizens so that professionals and politicians can engage with these stakeholders in realizing more effective
plans. Our main theme is based on the generic idea of the “virtual city” which is conceived in terms of the geography and
geometry of the real city. This is a digital representation using a variety of software and multimedia, made interactively
available over the web. We begin with a brief comment on different types of virtual city and then summarize the key problems
of using such virtualities in public participation, more recently considered as part of the e-democracy movement. We outline
our previous attempts to engage in such online participation in east London for these have been an essential prerequisite
to the development of “Virtual London,” the application reported here which is currently being fashioned for widespread dissemination
of planning information by the Greater London Authority (GLA). We then argue that virtual cities should go well beyond the
traditional conceptions of 3D GIS and CAD into virtual worlds and online design. But we also urge caution in pushing the digital
message too far, showing how more conventional tangible media is always necessary in rooting such models in more realistic
and familiar representations.
He has pioneered various multimedia, virtual reality methods 3D GIS, and CAD for problems of public participation in planning.
He is currently the director of the Greater London Authority’s Virtual London project within CASA. Amongst his recent contributions,
he has published (with S. Evans, M. Batty, and S. Batty) “Community Participation in Urban Regeneration Using Internet Technologies,”
in London: A Sustainable World City and “30 Days in ActiveWorlds: Community, Design, and Terrorism in a Virtual World,” in The Social Life of Avatars, Presence and Interaction in Shared Virtual Environments.
Stephen Evans is also a senior research fellow at CASA. His background is in GIS and he has worked on several projects including
LEO—London Environment Online, PROPOLIS—the development of GIS interfaces to urban land use transportation models, and currently
on the Virtual London and Camden Panoramas projects. Amongst his recent work, he has published (with P. Steadman) “Interfacing
Land-Use Transport Models with GIS: The Inverness Model,” in Advanced Spatial Analysis: The CASA Book of GIS and (with A. Hudson-Smith and M. Batty) “Homes in Hackney Point to the Future,” Planning, 12 July 2002.
Michael Batty is professor of Spatial Analysis and Planning and director of CASA. He has a joint appointment between the Department
of Geography and the Bartlett School of Architecture and Planning. His books range from Urban Modelling to Fractal Cities. He is editor of Environment and Planning B. The work of his group can be seen at 〈http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk〉 and in the recent book Advanced Spatial Analysis. He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 2001 and was awarded the CBE for “services to geography” in 2004. 相似文献