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201.
Evan Thompson 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2007,6(1-2):137-170
This paper (1) sketches a phenomenological analysis of visual mental imagery; (2) applies this analysis to the mental imagery debate in cognitive science; (3) briefly sketches a neurophenomenological approach to mental imagery; and (4) compares the results of this discussion with Dennett’s heterophenomenology. 相似文献
202.
Jeanne H. Brockmyer Christine M. Fox Kathleen A. Curtiss Evan McBroom Kimberly M. Burkhart Jacquelyn N. Pidruzny 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(4):624-634
Deep engagement in video game-playing has the potential to be to be one important determinant of the impact of playing violent video games, but there are currently no reliable measures of this subjective experience. To fill this gap, the Game Engagement Questionnaire (GEQ) was developed using both classical and Rasch analyses. In Study 1 Rasch analyses provide support for the reliability and functionality of the GEQ scores. Rasch analyses also demonstrate that the GEQ has adequate separation, fit, rating scale functioning, and dimensionality, suggesting that one’s tendency to become engaged in video game-playing is a quantifiable construct. In Study 2, behavioral and questionnaire data supported the reliability and validity of the GEQ for predicting engagement in violent video games. The GEQ provides a psychometrically strong measure of levels of engagement specifically elicited while playing video games, and thus shows promise for future research examining risk and protective factors for negative game impact. 相似文献
203.
Gnanadesikan Gitanjali E. Hare Brian Snyder-Mackler Noah MacLean Evan L. 《Animal cognition》2020,23(5):953-964
Animal Cognition - Trait heritability is necessary for evolution by both natural and artificial selection, yet we know little about the heritability of cognitive traits. Domestic dogs are a... 相似文献
204.
205.
Numerous studies have demonstrated that animals’ tolerance for risk when foraging can be affected by changes in metabolic
state. Specifically, animals on a negative energy budget increase their preferences for risk, while animals on a positive
energy budget are typically risk-averse. The malleability of these preferences may be evolutionarily advantageous, and important
for maximizing chances of survival during brief periods of energetic stress. However, animals adapted to living in unpredictable
conditions are unlikely to benefit from risk-seeking strategies, and instead are expected to reduce energetic demands while
maintaining risk-aversion. We measured risk preferences in lemurs, a group of primates restricted to the island of Madagascar.
Lemurs have evolved diverse anatomical and behavioral traits for survival in a harsh and unpredictable ecology, and these
traits have been explained as forms of anatomical and behavioral risk reduction. We therefore predicted that lemurs would
also be risk-averse in a behavioral task that offered subjects a choice between a small certain reward, and an uncertain but
potentially large reward. In Experiment 1, the average rewards associated with the constant and variable options were equal
and lemurs exhibited high levels of risk-aversion, replicating a phenomenon that has been demonstrated in dozens of taxa.
In Experiment 2, we gradually increased the average value of the variable option relative to the constant option. Lemurs’
preferences tracked these changes and subjects became more risk-seeking as the risk premium increased. However, many subjects
maintained high levels of risk-aversion even when the average payout of the variable option yielded double that of the constant
option. These results are consistent with the notion that lemur cognition has evolved to minimize risk in an unpredictable
island environment. 相似文献
206.
Employment tests, once primarily focused on screening external applicants, are increasingly used for decisions involving internal candidates (e.g., promotions or lateral transfers). The current study examines differences between internal and external candidates in reactions to an online selection test. Results indicate that internal candidates perceived a general lack of advance information regarding the assessment. However, they were considerably more likely to recommend the organization to others as compared with external candidates. Candidate status also moderated several reactions–outcomes relationships. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for organizations and directions for future research on internal candidate reactions are proposed. 相似文献
207.
Current models of inductive reasoning in children and adults assume a central role for categorical knowledge. A recent paper by Sloutsky and Fisher challenges this assumption, showing that children are more likely than adults to rely on perceptual similarity as a basis for induction, and introduces a more direct method for examining the representations activated during induction. This method has the potential to constrain models of induction in novel ways, although there are still important challenges. 相似文献
208.
Evan Tiffany 《Inquiry (Oslo, Norway)》2013,56(6):524-546
Kantian constructivists locate the source of normativity in the rational nature of valuing agents. Some further argue that accepting this premise thereby commits one to accepting the intrinsic or unconditioned value of rational nature itself. Whereas much of the critical literature on this “regress on conditions” argument has focused either on the cogency of the inference from the value‐conferring capacity of the will to the unconditional value of that capacity itself or on the plausibility of the initial constructivist premise, my aim is to press the argument from a different direction by asking just how Kantian the constructivist needs to be in order to support a regress on conditions argument. Specifically, I maintain that the argument succeeds only given a full‐fledged Kantian moral psychology, including a presupposition of transcendental freedom. If correct, this could have implications regarding the compatibility of Kantian ethics and philosophic naturalism. 相似文献
209.
Nicholas G. Murray Marlina Ponce de Leon V. N. Pradeep Ambati Fabricio Saucedo Evan Kennedy 《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(6):423-431
Turning, while walking, is an important component of adaptive locomotion. Current hypotheses regarding the motor control of body segment coordination during turning suggest heavy influence of visual information. The authors aimed to examine whether visual field impairment (central loss or peripheral loss) affects body segment coordination during walking turns in healthy young adults. No significant differences in the onset time of segments or intersegment coordination were observed because of visual field occlusion. These results suggest that healthy young adults can use visual information obtained from central and peripheral visual fields interchangeably, pointing to flexibility of visuomotor control in healthy young adults. Further study in populations with chronic visual impairment and those with turning difficulties are warranted. 相似文献
210.