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131.
Increasing self-control is a key-factor in the rehabilitation process of young criminals. Based on two well-established theories of self-control, we tested a short mindfulness training and the motivational effect of group identification on a standard self-control measurement in an sample of 57 incarcerated male youth from a German youth detention center. In accordance with our hypothesis, both treatments led to higher self-control than a control group. These findings indicate that mindfulness and group identification foster self-control even in an untrained sample of incarcerated young men and contribute therefore to resource-oriented successful rehabilitation programs. 相似文献
132.
Luis Manuel Blanco-Donoso Eva Garrosa Bernardo Moreno-Jiménez Elton Carlos de Almeida Sonia María Villela-Bueno 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2017,36(4):755-763
This study investigates the mediating role of psychological meaningfulness among social job resources (i.e., coworkers and supervisor support), vigor, and emotional exhaustion in a nursing context. In spite of progress in understanding which organizational influence affects nurses’ vigor and emotional exhaustion, the psychological mechanisms assumed to underlie the associations have not been fully explored. The sample for this study consisted of 171 nurses from Spanish hospitals (54.4 %) and Primary Care Centers (45.6 %). The mediation model was tested using the bootstrapping procedure. Our findings confirmed that psychological meaningfulness fully mediates the impact of social job resources on vigor at work. Moreover, psychological meaningfulness partially mediated the impact of social job resources on emotional exhaustion. Results suggest that meaningfulness plays an important role in the connection between job resources, vigor, and emotional exhaustion. The findings contribute to our understanding of the psychological processes that can explain how job resources contribute to the energetic aspect of burnout and engagement among nurses. Providing nurses with more social job resources, such as coworker and supervisor support, could activate their levels of personal meaningfulness and thus enhance their levels of well-being at work. 相似文献
133.
Kathy M. Evans Elizabeth A. Kincade Aretha F. Marbley Susan R. Seem 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2005,83(3):269-277
Feminist therapy incorporates the psychology of women (e.g., J. B. Miller, 1976), developmental research (e.g., C. Gilligan, 1982), cognitive‐behavioral techniques (J. Worell & P. Remer, 1992), multicultural awareness (L. Comas‐Diaz & B. Greene, 1994), and social activism (L. S. Brown, 1994) in a coherent theoretical and therapeutic package. It is an orientation that is effective in various venues and with diverse populations. In this article, the authors trace the relevant historical aspects of the orientation along with implications for practice, critiques, and trends. 相似文献
134.
A typology of churched and unchurched religions is developed and then used to analyse the status of unchurched spirituality in the United States, Sweden, and Japan. In the United States, churched religions remain strong, while most of those who say they have no religious preference are quite religious, merely unchurched. In Sweden, the lack of participation in the state church seems to be more than offset by a rapid rise in unchurched religion, especially among the young. Japan's celebrated lack of religion is found to be merely a lack of churched religions, as the Japanese are devoted followers of unchurched faiths. In conclusion, the relative lack of authority of unchurched religions is examined. 相似文献
135.
Dimensions of peer sexual harassment in schools were analyzed with confirmatory factor analyses of data from a questionnaire study of 980 Swedish high-school students. The factorial structures suggested in the literature on sexual harassment in the workplace showed a bad fit to the student data, especially for boys. A nested structure, with one general factor and two specific factors (closest to the hostile environment and sexual attention categories), appeared to offer the best fit-to-data for female students. For male students, however, the structure was less clear, and the fit worse, but the presence of a general sexual harassment factor was supported also there. No acceptable model common to boys and girls could be identified. 相似文献
136.
Eva Jereb Uros Rajkovic Vladislav Rajkovic 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2005,13(3):198-205
In this paper, an approach to decision making in managing human resources that integrates multi‐attribute decision making techniques with expert systems is described. The approach is based on the explicit articulation of qualitative decision knowledge which is represented by a tree of attributes and decision rules. The decision making process is supported by DEXi, a specialized expert system shell for interactive construction of the knowledge base, evaluation of options, and explanation of the results. Practical use of the shell is illustrated by an application in the field of personnel selection for a top manager position. 相似文献
137.
Peter Fischer Eva Jonas Dieter Frey Stefan Schulz‐Hardt 《European journal of social psychology》2005,35(4):469-492
In research on selective exposure to information, people have been found to predominantly seek information supporting rather than conflicting with their opinion. In most of these studies, participants were allowed to search for as many pieces of information as they liked. However, in many situations, the amount of information that people can search for is restricted. We report four experiments addressing this issue. Experiment 1 suggests that objective limits regarding the maximum number of pieces of information the participants could search for increases the preference for selecting supporting over conflicting information. In Experiment 2, just giving participants a cue about information scarcity induces the same effect, even in the absence of any objective restrictions. Finally, Experiment 3 and 4 clarify the underlying psychological process by showing that information limits increase selective exposure to information because information search is guided by the expected information quality, which is basically biased towards supporting information, and information limits act to reinforce this tendency. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
138.
Matthies S van Elst LT Feige B Fischer D Scheel C Krogmann E Perlov E Ebert D Philipsen A 《Journal of personality disorders》2011,25(1):101-114
Some evidence points to an increased rate of cluster B and C personality disorders (PDs) in adult ADHD patients. In order to assess axis II disorders comprehensively we used the diagnostic instrument of the WHO. In sixty adult out-patients with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria PDs were assessed with the International PD Examination (IPDE) and severity of childhood ADHD with the Wender-Utah-Rating Scale (WURS). We found at least one PD in 25% of cases. Cluster C PDs were most common (36.6%) followed by Cluster B (23.3%) and A (8.3%). Avoidant (21.7%) and borderline (18.3%) were the most frequent single PD entities. ADHD patients with PD suffered from significantly more severe childhood ADHD compared to those without co-occurring PD. Applying the IPDE we confirmed a high number of PDs among adult ADHD patients. Our findings point to a higher vulnerability for the development of PDs in patients with severe childhood ADHD. 相似文献
139.
Marsee MA Barry CT Childs KK Frick PJ Kimonis ER Muñoz LC Aucoin KJ Fassnacht GM Kunimatsu MM Lau KS 《心理评价》2011,23(3):792-804
This study examined the structure of a self-report measure of the forms and functions of aggression in 855 adolescents (582 boys, 266 girls) aged 12 to 19 years recruited from high school, detained, and residential settings. The Peer Conflict Scale (PCS) is a 40-item measure that was developed to improve upon existing measures and provide an efficient, reliable, and valid assessment of four dimensions of aggression (i.e., reactive overt, reactive relational, proactive overt, and proactive relational) in youths. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that a 4-factor model represented a satisfactory solution for the data. The factor structure fit well for both boys and girls and across high school, detained, and residential samples. Internal consistency estimates were good for the 4 factors, and they showed expected associations with externalizing variables (i.e., arrest history, callous-unemotional traits, and delinquency). Reactive and proactive subtypes showed unique associations consistent with previous literature. Implications for the use of the PCS to assess aggression and inform intervention decisions in diverse samples of youths are discussed. 相似文献
140.
Tom F. Wilderjans Eva Ceulemans Iven Van Mechelen Robert A. van den Berg 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2011,64(2):277-290
In many areas of science, research questions imply the analysis of a set of coupled data blocks, with, for instance, each block being an experimental unit by variable matrix, and the variables being the same in all matrices. To obtain an overall picture of the mechanisms that play a role in the different data matrices, the information in these matrices needs to be integrated. This may be achieved by applying a data‐analytic strategy in which a global model is fitted to all data matrices simultaneously, as in some forms of simultaneous component analysis (SCA). Since such a strategy implies that all data entries, regardless the matrix they belong to, contribute equally to the analysis, it may obfuscate the overall picture of the mechanisms underlying the data when the different data matrices are subject to different amounts of noise. One way out is to downweight entries from noisy data matrices in favour of entries from less noisy matrices. Information regarding the amount of noise that is present in each matrix, however, is, in most cases, not available. To deal with these problems, in this paper a novel maximum‐likelihood‐based simultaneous component analysis method, referred to as MxLSCA, is proposed. Being a stochastic extension of SCA, in MxLSCA the amount of noise in each data matrix is estimated and entries from noisy data matrices are downweighted. Both in an extensive simulation study and in an application to data stemming from cross‐cultural emotion psychology, it is shown that the novel MxLSCA strategy outperforms the SCA strategy with respect to disclosing the mechanisms underlying the coupled data. 相似文献