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211.
Mary Jo Nissen 《Memory & cognition》1979,7(2):124-132
This article examines associations among representations of physical, name, and category information by determining effects of category repetition on and following physical, name, and category match trials. Subjects decided whether two letters were from the same half of the alphabet. Category repetition effects were evidenced by faster ~nd more accurate responses when letters from the same half of the alphabet were used on successive trials. Although physical matches showed no effect of category repetition, name and category matches did. Trials following physical matches were less affected by category repetition than were trials following name or category matches. The results suggested that these category repetition effects were mediated by interletter associations: Reaction time increased with the alphabetic distance between preceding and current letters. However, these distance effects held only for forward (A → B) and not backward (B → A) alphabetic sequences, suggesting that the alphabetic representation is ordinal and unidirectional. 相似文献
212.
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214.
Ouwehand Eva Braam Arjan W. Renes Joannes W. Muthert Hanneke J. K. Zock Hetty T. 《Pastoral Psychology》2020,69(1):29-45
Pastoral Psychology - One point that emerges from qualitative research on religion and bipolar disorder (BD) is the problem patients with BD experience in distinguishing between genuine religious... 相似文献
215.
216.
Antoine Roblain Mado Hanioti Emilien Paulis Emilie Van Haute Eva G. T. Green 《European journal of social psychology》2020,50(6):1306-1317
Using an ego-centered network approach, we examine across two studies whether and how injunctive network norms—behaviors that are approved by alters—are related to majority members’ decisions to participate in helping actions supporting migrants. We hypothesize that the more people perceive their personal social networks as positive toward humanitarian actions for migrants, the more they consider their opinions on migration issues as self-defining, and the more they are willing to mobilize in helping behaviors. With a name generator approach, we collected personal social network data among majority members of Belgian, mobilized volunteers (Study 1, N = 204) and Swiss, non-mobilized participants (Study 2, N = 247). Results demonstrate the impact of injunctive network norms in promoting and maintaining helping actions for migrants, and the role of self-defining attitudes. Overall, the results highlight the importance of injunctive norms within personal social networks for participation in intergroup helping behaviors. 相似文献
217.
Focusing on similarities between the mood regulation approach and dissonance theory, this article addresses the interplay between dissonance and mood by examining how individuals search for information after making a decision while under the influence of positive versus negative mood. Study 1 suggested that negative mood increased the preference for consonant over dissonant information after decisions, whereas positive mood led to a more balanced information search. In Study 2, participants in negative mood rated consonant information as more pleasant and dissonant information as more annoying than participants in positive mood. In addition, the results suggested that mood regulation processes took place. In Study 3, the findings from Study 1 were replicated with a paradigm in which higher stakes were involved. 相似文献
218.
Walther E 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2002,82(6):919-934
Five experiments investigated the phenomenon that attitude formation is not confined to the co-occurrence of an attitudinal object with an evaluated experience. The pairing of a target with a (dis)liked person not only affects the evaluation of the previously neutral person but spreads to other individuals who are (pre)associated with the target (spreading attitude effect). Experiments 1 and 2 provided evidence for the spreading attitude effect in appetitive as well as aversive evaluative conditioning. Experiment 3 showed that the spreading attitude effect is a robust phenomenon resistant to extinction. Experiment 4 demonstrated that attitude spread can be transferred to 2nd-order conditioning. Finally, Experiment 5 supports the notion that the spreading attitude effect is not dependent on cognitive resources. Implications for social as well as applied psychology are discussed. 相似文献
219.
The validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the 2 scales measuring work-related well-being proposed by P. Warr (1990; Anxiety-Contentment and Depression-Enthusiasm) were examined in a cross-sectional questionnaire study among 299 Spanish factory employees. Two methods suggested by Warr (1990) to control the response bias (acquiescent response set) were used. The 1st method involved separate analyses for the 6 positive and 6 negative items that make up the 2 scales. The 2nd was a series of 4 principal component analyses with oblique rotation on the estimated response set controlled in partial correlation between each item. The results support the existence of these 2 independent scales for measuring work-related psychological well-being as hypothesised by Warr (1990). However, 2 main problems appear: the cross-loading of the items contented and cheerful and the fact that only I factor appears in the pre-rotated solution. Possible explanations for these results are discussed. 相似文献
220.
Turner E 《Science and engineering ethics》2001,7(2):247-260
This paper investigates the relationship between the role that information technology (IT) has played in the development of
women’s employment, the possibility of women having a significant influence on the technology’s development, and the way that
the IT industry perceives women as computer scientists, users and consumers. The industry’s perception of women and men is
investigated through the portrayal of them in computing advertisements. While women are increasingly updating their technological
skills and know-how, and through this process are entering some positions in the workplace traditionally occupied by men,
these achievements are not mirrored in their social and occupational status. The computer industry and higher education have
worryingly low numbers of women, while the possibility of women influencing the development of computer technology is just
emerging in feminist research. This paper argues that, though the IT industry, through their self-regulatory codes, subscribes
to equal treatment of sexes, races and persons with disabilities, the industry nevertheless paints a stereotyped picture of
inequality when portraying men and women in computer advertisements. As long as such a perception of women prevails within
the industry, it will stand as a barrier to women having equal access to computer technology. If advertisements influence
the way society perceives major social constructs and issues, then the computing industry has a social responsibility to portray
men and women in an equal and non-stereotypical fashion.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the ETHICOMP98 Conference, Rotterdam, Holland, March 1998. 相似文献