学习考察德国紧急救援应急管理体系

德国的紧急救援应急体系结构合理,网络密集,分工明确,责任清晰,法制健全,管理先进,技术精良。特别是他们以人为本,尊重生命,未雨绸缪,防患于未然的理念;全民参与,平战结合,组织志愿者,从娃娃抓起的组织机构;合理分工,严谨、科学的态度更值得我们称道。为我们做好灾难应急救援工作提供了可以学习的经验和模式。     

受顺序影响的证真偏向:来自四卡问题新范式的证据

通过对经典四卡问题呈现方式的改进,逐一呈现与命题对应的检验证据,要求被试判断每一证据在命题检验中的作用。结果表明:(1)"证真偏向"依然存在,但从正确率来看,顺证真与顺证伪没有显著差异;(2)发现了显著的顺序效应,与逆向检验相比,顺向检验有更高的正确率与更短的反应时;(3)被试加工与命题"无关联"刺激时存在明显困难,其正确率显著较低。这些结果说明个体在判断不同证据对命题检验的作用时会受到命题内在方向性的影响,个体可能会采用一些固有推理图式以及简单的匹配策略解决问题。     

Review of Growth Modeling: Structural Equation and Multilevel Modeling Approaches (Grimm,Ram & Estabrook, 2017)

Research questions that address developmental processes are becoming more prevalent in psychology and other areas of social science. Growth models have become a popular tool to model multiple individuals measured over several time points. These types of models allow researchers to answer a wide variety of research questions, such as modeling inter- and intra-individual differences and variability in longitudinal process (Molenaar 2004). The recently published book, Growth Modeling: Structural Equation and Multilevel Modeling Approaches (Grimm, Ram & Estabrook 2017), provides a solid foundation for both beginners and more advanced researchers interested in longitudinal data analysis by juxtaposing both the multilevel and structural equation modeling frameworks for several different models. By providing both sufficient technical background and practical coding examples in a variety of both commercial and open-source software, this book should serve as an excellent reference tool for behavioral and methodological researchers interested in growth modeling.

     

广州市肢残青年心理应付机制的研究

运用ＳＣＬ—９０量表、艾森克问卷和社会支持量表对肢残者进行研究。结果显示：肢残组的神经质分高于对照组;肢残组ＳＣＬ一９０各因子分及总痛苦水平分均明显高于对照组;肢残组经济来源自给组和他给组之间的对比,除躯体化、偏执外,其余均存在不同程度的差异;肥残组的社会支持总分、客观支持分明显低于对照组;进行多元逐步回归分析发现：神经质分、精神质分与总痛基水平呈正相关．而主观支持分则与其呈负相关。     

Reception of Morse code through motional, vibrotactile, and auditory stimulation

The potential for communication through the kinesthetic aspect of the tactual sense was examined in a series of experiments employing Morse code signals. Experienced and inexperienced Morse code operators were trained to identify Morse code signals that were delivered as sequences of motional stimulation through up-down displacements (roughly 10 mm) of the fingertip. Performance on this task was compared with that obtained for both vibrotactile and acoustic presentation of Morse code using a 200-Hz tone delivered either to the fingertip through a minishaker or diotically to the two ears under headphones. For all three modalities, the ability to receive Morse code was examined as a function of presentation rate for tasks including identification of single letters, random three-letter sequences, common words, and sentences. Equivalent word-rate measures (i.e., product of percent correct scores and stimulus presentation rate) were nearly twice as high for auditory presentation as for vibrotactile stimulation, which in turn was about 1.3 times that for motional stimulation. The experienced subjects outperformed the inexperienced subjects by amounts that increased with task complexity. For example, the former were able to receive sentences at 18 words/min with motional stimulation, whereas the latter, following 75 h of training, were unable to perform this task. The present results and those of other research with tactual communication systems are compared, particularly regarding estimates of information-transfer rates.     

国外关于幼儿道德判断的近期研究

简要介绍国外近年来从信息加工和情绪归因的角度对幼儿道德判断进行的研究。这些研究揭示：幼儿道德判断受记忆、理解因素的影响;其发展表现为整合信息能力和根据不同情境分化地使用不同判断标准的能力不断提高;幼儿道德认知与情绪反应有不一致的现象。     

对当前人间佛教发展的若干问题之反思

佛教的中国化不应被片面地理解,佛教的根本宗旨和根本精神不应在人间佛教的推展中被忽视。在当前有关人间佛教的理论和实践中,与契机性的被强调相比,其契理性似乎略显不足。如何在理论上和实践上真正贯彻太虚法师当年提出的契理契机原则,是人间佛教在当前和未来所面临的极为重要的课题。     

社区卫生服务——体现效率与公正特征的改革之路

社区卫生服务比较全面地体现了公正与效率的原则，是卫生改革的一项重大举措。它公正有效地突破了固有的卫生体制；公正有效地实现了“人人享有初级卫生保健”的目的；公正有效地推进了医学模式的转移；公正有效地抓住了纠风的症结；公正有效地解决了医疗费居高不下的顽症。     

In defence of single-premise closure

It’s often thought that the phenomenon of risk aggregation poses a problem for multi-premise closure but not for single-premise closure (either with respect to knowledge or with respect to justified belief). But recently, Lasonen-Aarnio and Schechter have challenged this thought. Lasonen-Aarnio argues that, insofar as risk aggregation poses a problem for multi-premise closure, it poses a similar problem for single-premise closure. For she thinks that, there being such a thing as deductive risk, risk may aggregate over a single premise and the deduction itself. Schechter argues that single-premise closure succumbs to risk aggregation outright. For he thinks that there could be a long sequence of competent single-premise deductions such that, even though we are justified in believing the initial premise of the sequence, intutively, we are not justified in believing the final conclusion. This intuition, Schechter thinks, vitiates single-premise closure. In this paper, I defend single-premise closure against the arguments offered by Lasonen-Aarnio and Schechter.