Dyadic predictors of outcome in a cognitive-behavioral program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder in committed relationships: a "spoonful of sugar" and a dose of non-hostile criticism may help

The present study tested whether pre-treatment levels of partner hostility and non-hostile criticism predicted outcome in an individual cognitive-behavioral therapy package for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Eighteen patients with a principal or co-principal diagnosis of GAD were randomly allocated to a treatment condition (n=8) or a delayed treatment condition (n=10). In addition, the patients and their partners were videotaped discussing the patients’ worries. These videotapes were later coded for levels of partner hostility and non-hostile criticism directed at the patients. Treatment resulted in statistically and clinically significant change at post-test. Finally, partner hostility predicted worse end-state functioning whereas partner non-hostile criticism predicted better end-state functioning.     

藏传佛教造像量度经

藏传佛教美术发展历史悠久、源远流长,它不仅有独自发祥孕育,发展演绎,成形定性的清晰脉络和事物迹象,并以其自成体系的精湛技艺及其造型经典理论,从一个侧面构建着中华民族美术、尤其是东方美术的典型实体。藏传佛教造像的庄严妙好,基本上依赖于其严格的型制量度经典的延续承传,故“三经一疏”经典是使藏传佛教美术乃至藏民族传统美术的民族性、宗教性、地域性、历史性、审美性得以确立的重要因素。也是使藏族绘画、雕塑、建筑、书法、工艺美术诸方面构成实体性文化层、艺术高度和有机组成部分的基本法度。本文就藏传佛教美术造型量度的纲领性理论经典“三经一疏”:即《佛说造像量度经》、《造像量度经》、《画相》和《佛说造像量度经疏》的量度法则作了简要论述。     

Disembodiment in online social interaction: impact of online chat on social support and psychosocial well-being.

This study investigates how disembodiment--that is, transcendence of body constraints in cyberspace--in online chat affects social psychological well-being. The results demonstrate that disembodiment is a strong predictor of increased loneliness and depression, and decreased social support. However, the amount of chat use is a positive contributor to decreased offline estrangement and depression, and increased happiness. These contrasting results suggest that online chat use is a technology for social connection used for offline connectivity, but the disembodiment motive is associated with declines in social support and psychosocial well-being. The investigation of specified motives for online interaction, personal competency, or advanced technological alternatives in interaction is suggested for future research on the effects of online interaction on offline outcomes.     

Framing Charity Advertising: Influences of Message Framing,Image Valence,and Temporal Framing on a Charitable Appeal1

This study examined when and how charitable advertisements could be effective in the context of child poverty. An experiment investigated the influences of message framing, image valence, and temporal framing on a charitable appeal. The results indicate that image valence enhances framing effects on advertising effectiveness of a charitable appeal when the image is congruent with the framed message, especially when the image and the message are presented negatively. A short‐term temporal frame facilitates effects of a negatively framed message with a negative pictorial presentation. Alternatively, a long‐term temporal frame increases advertising influences of a positively framed message with a positive pictorial image. Relevance for information processing of charity advertising is discussed.     

Rasch calibration of a unidimensional perfectionism inventory for sport

ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were to generate and calibrate a unidimensional sports perfectionism scale for competitive athletes using the Rasch model, and validate the scale through the convergent and known-difference validity approach.MethodThe instrument, called the Sport Perfectionism Scale (SPS), was administered to 323 undergraduate students at a university in the southeastern U.S., ranging in age from 17 to 44 yrs, who previously competed on their high school team or currently compete at the intercollegiate level.ResultsUsing the Rasch model, the level of item difficulty (i.e., most and least difficult) and the athlete's level (i.e., intensity) of perfectionism were estimated. Model-data fit was determined by Infit and Outfit statistics (≥0.5 and ≤1.5). With the exception of one item, the model fits the data well. Rasch analysis supported the measure of perfectionism in sport as a unidimensional construct. Data from the SPS were positively related with those from Stoeber, Otto, Pescheck, Becker, and Stoll's ([2007]. Perfectionism and competitive anxiety in athletes: differentiating striving for perfection and negative reactions to imperfection. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 959–969.) Perfectionism During Competitions measure (r = 0.63), and there was a significant difference in athlete's perfectionism between levels of competition, F (3, 314) = 5.21, p = 0.002, partial eta-squared, 0.05. This result supports convergent and known-difference evidence of validity for the SPS.ConclusionsThese results lend credence to using the Rasch model as a unique approach to validate evidence of perfectionism as a unidimensional construct in competitive sport.     

中国青少年心理健康素质·归因风格的研究

应用《青少年心理健康素质调查表·归因风格分量表》对全国23个省市地区的44063名青少年进行了调查,对不同年级阶段青少年归因风格的发展特点进行了分析。结果发现：（1）青少年归因风格的发展存在明显的阶段性,随着年级的升高,其内在归因倾向逐渐减弱;（2）在不同年级阶段,青少年归因风格不同维度的发展方向具有一致性。     

"三观"蜕变必迷信--党员干部参与封建迷信活动的主观原因分析

党的十六届四中全会提出了加强党的执政能力建设的重要任务,其中明确要求坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位,不断提高建设社会主义先进文化的能力。在全会通过的《决定》中,对此要求进行了全面系统的阐述,特别强调要“弘扬科学精神,传播科学知识,提高干部群众识别和抵制封建迷信和伪科学的能力。”因此,党政领导干部带头抵制封建迷信,是建设社会主义先进文化的需要,事关党的执政能力建设,必须引起高度重视。然而值得注意的是,在近几年我国查处的各类     

行动的认知表征水平

个体行动认知表征水平是与个人的行动而非一般心理功能具有特定关联的思维风格。它是一个80年代后兴起的研究领域。本文围绕行动认知表征水平研究的背景、认知表征水平与行动的交互作用以及行动认知表征水平的个体差异展开介绍。文章最后讨论了该研究的不足。     

Experimental Tests of Normative Group Influence and Representation Effects in Computer‐Mediated Communication

Two experiments addressed the questions of if and how normative social influence operates in anonymous computer‐mediated communication (CMC) and human‐computer interaction (HCI). In Experiment 1, a 2 (public response vs. private response) × 2 (one interactant vs. four interactants) × 3 (textbox vs. stick figure vs. animated character) mixed‐design experiment (N = 72), we investigated how conformity pressure operates in a simulated CMC setting. Each participant was asked to make a decision in hypothetical social dilemmas after being presented with a unanimous opinion by other (ostensible) participants. The experiment examined how the visual representation of interaction partners on the screen moderates this social influence process. Group conformity effects were shown to be more salient when the participant's responses were allegedly seen by others, compared to when the responses were given in private. In addition, participants attributed greater competence, social attractiveness, and trustworthiness to partners represented by anthropomorphic characters than those represented by textboxes or stick figures. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1, replacing interaction with a computer(s) rather than (ostensible) people, to create an interaction setting in which no normative pressure was expected to occur. The perception of interaction partner (human vs. computer) moderated the group conformity effect such that people expressed greater public agreement with human partners than with computers. No such difference was found for the private expression of opinion. As expected, the number of computer agents did not affect participants' opinions whether the responses were given in private or in public, while visual representation had a significant impact on both conformity measures and source perception variables.