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131.
One class of theories explains group induced shifts in individual choice in terms of interpersonal comparison process. By comparing himself with others a member finds out that his position is uncomfortably discrepant, e.g., he is overly cautious or overly risky. Knowledge of this discrepancy presumably is necessary and sufficient to induce him to change his initial choice. Another class of theories holds that merely knowing one is different from others is unimportant. Shifts in choice occur because during discussion a member is exposed to persuasive arguments which prior to discussion were not available to him. Two experiments were conducted, the results of which give considerable support to persuasive-argument theories and none to those based on interpersonal comparison: When a member did not know whether others were arguing for their own position or were forced to support a position contrary to the one they had originally chosen, and the former in fact was the case, typical shifts in choice were obtained. However, if a member had to argue for a position contrary to the one he had initially chosen (and thus he would not be able to muster highly persuasive arguments) typical shifts did not occur, even though another's initial choice could be accurately inferred. 相似文献
132.
133.
Ninety-six binary statements were administered to 120 children randomly selected from three academic levels. The children were to respond TRUE or FALSE to each statement. Error count and latency for correct responses were used as measures of performance. The Constituent Comparison Model (Carpenter, P., & Just, M. A., Psychological Review, 1975, 82, 45–73), which postulates that verification latency will increase linearly with a linear increase in the number of hypothesized constituent comparisons, accounts quite well for the results obtained in this study. Furthermore, the results suggest an increasing efficiency in semantic memory verification across the three academic levels as reflected by a decrease in variability of performance, a decrease in the time required to read and encode sentences, and a decrease in the time required per constituent comparison. 相似文献
134.
Use of the Digital Equipment Corporation DR8 digital input/output buffer for the PDP-8/E computer is common. However, by itself the DR8 has inadequate output-driving capability for even the smallest laboratory device. A flexible low-cost control network designed to enable a DR8 interface to control any of 12 pico-reed relays for output driving or 8 programmable amplifiers for auditory signal presentation is described. 相似文献
135.
Eugene R. Wist 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1976,20(1):10-12
The latency of the perception of the dark spot at the intersection of a Hermann grid was measured before and after dark adaptation. It was found that dark adaptation significantly increased the latency of perception of the spot while light adaptation had no effect. This finding was predicted from the Jung and Spillman account of the Hermann grid illusion and from the Kuffler et al. finding that inhibitory receptive fields of the cat’s retinal ganglion ceils are reduced in size and responsiveness after dark adaptation. The significance of this finding in relation to other simultaneous contrast phenomena is discussed. 相似文献
136.
Eugene B. Cooper 《Journal of Fluency Disorders》1982,7(3):355-358
A clinical form to be used in identifying which of a set of fluency eliciting techniques might be used most advantageously in therapy with individual stutterers is described. 相似文献
137.
The performances of 22 adult stutterers and 22 adult nonstutterers on motor tasks requiring the graphic reproduction of a sequence of alternating figures following the production of a series of nonalternating figures were studied. The finding that there were no differences in the performance of the two groups on the alternating motor tasks was interpreted as challenging the validity of previous observations that motor perseverative behavior exists in stutterers and is indicative of a central neurological deficit in that population. 相似文献
138.
Eugene L. Walle 《Journal of Fluency Disorders》1980,5(1):69-74
This paper outlines portions of the writer's therapeutics in the field of stuttering with emphasis upon use of masking the hearing of stutterers as a part of a total therapeutic approach. Commencing with devices providing continuous noise to override the voice of the stutterer so that he cannot hear himself and, thus, eliciting fluency. Described is the use of the voice actuated Edinburgh Auditory Masker within an intensive stuttering program in a prison setting since September 1978. It is concluded that the use of masking and the Edinburgh device has been helpful and productive with severe stutterers. 相似文献
139.
A system is described which eliminates manual coding and punching of computer data cards in a psychophysical experiment. Conventional relay logic is used to control the operation of a card punch and to enter data in selected card columns. 相似文献
140.
To determine the manner in which the equidistance tendency (ET) varies as a function of time, 10 Ss tracked the perceived position of a monocular test object viewed in a binocular field consisting of two rectangles which differed in perceived size and distance.Variables investigated were the temporal order of rectangle appearance and disappearance which determined whether or not opposingETs existed, luminance and repetition interval of the 20 msec test object. It was found thatET effects occur gradually over time, that opposingETs retard the rate at which the test object changes its perceived locus, and that elapsed time rather than total observation time was critical in determining how great a change in perceived locus of the test object occurred. Implications of these findings were discussed. 相似文献