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111.
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113.
Eugene Tartakovsky Sophie D. Walsh Nadezhda Lebedeva Alexander Tatarko Eduard Patrakov Marina Nikulina 《International journal of psychology》2020,55(5):891-899
Few studies have examined to what extent commonly held stereotypes reflect real intergroup differences in motivational goals. Taking a values perspective (Schwartz et al., 2012), the study examines value preferences among Jews and Russians in Russia, to assess the extent to which commonly held stereotypes reflect values of group members. Results showed that Jews reported substantially higher levels of universalism-tolerance, benevolence (both caring and dependability), and tradition values, and lower levels of power (both dominance and resources), and universalism-nature values, than Russians. Results indicated that the widespread Jewish stereotypes of power, achievement, and rootlessness/cosmopolitanism are ungrounded, while the stereotypes of liberalism and particularism are upheld by the reported differences in the value preferences between Jews and the majority population in Russia. The present study underscores the importance of value comparisons between ethnic minority and majority groups for understanding their motivational goals and thus fighting prejudices and discrimination. 相似文献
114.
Evidence is presented from two experiments and from a reanalysis of data published by Christian, Bickley, Tarka, and Clayton (1978) that the chronological age at which a word is acquired does not affect free recall or recognition memory. Morris’s (1981) report, that late acquired words are better recalled than early acquired words, was not replicated and appears to be attributable to a difference in the emotionality value of his lists. Although the data are consistent with an interpretation in terms of semantic, but not episodic, memory tasks’ being sensitive to word age of acquisition, it is suggested that a more fine-grained analysis is necessary. 相似文献
115.
Michael E. Hyland Sidney H. Irvine Clive Thacker Peter L. Dann Ian Dennis 《Current Psychology》1989,8(3):228-233
The factor structure of the Stunkard-Messick Eating Questionnaire (SMEQ) differs from that of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire
(DEBQ). Using students and members of a weight watchers club, we factor-analyzed responses to the SMEQ and produced a solution
which was different from that obtained by Stunkard and Messick, but which had some similarities to the factor structure of
the DEBQ. “External” taste items and “internal” hunger items loaded on the same factor, a finding inconsistent with externality
theory but consistent with the common sense notion of appetite strength. Although our finding suggests factor instability
of the SMEQ, the stability of the DEBQ appears to be the consequence of a restricted range of DEBQ items compared with SMEQ
items.
Financial support for this research was given by Lilly Industries. 相似文献
116.
Eugene W. Muller 《Journal of business and psychology》1992,7(2):203-211
The Supervisory Analyst (Series 16) Examination is a criterion-referenced licensure/certification examination used to qualify persons for supervisory positions in financial data analysis for New York Stock Exchange member firms. A job analysis was conducted to update the examination to ensure its content validity. The analysis revealed 4 major tasks performed by the supervisory analyst. KSAs were determined for each of the tasks. The KSAs were distributed between two parts: 1) Securities Analysis, and 2) Regulatory Administration. Multiple-choice items were written for each part, and the distribution of items was designed to reflect the relative weights of the KSAs as determined by the job analysis. 相似文献
117.
Accurate perceptions of their child's academic performance are pivotal for parents' encouragement of their child's academic efforts. In research studies, parents' reports of their child's academic achievement, as well as the child's own reports, are often used as a proxy for teachers' ratings or grades. However, are parents' reports or their child's reports accurate and unbiased? We investigated whether ratings of academic performance made by mothers and their sons corresponded more closely to final grades and achievement test scores than did similar ratings made by teachers for three large samples of boys. Mothers' ratings correlated with final grades as well or better than teachers' ratings but more poorly with achievement test scores than did teachers' ratings. The seventh-grade boys' ratings correlated more poorly with both final grades and achievement test scores than did teachers' or mothers' ratings. Across all three samples combined, mothers were more likely to over-estimate rather than under-estimate the final grade. The same was true of the seventh grade sample of boys. Once the effect of final grade had been controlled, little evidence of a consistent pattern of associations between maternal demographic, parenting, and child behavior variables and either over- or underestimation was found. 相似文献
118.
Abstract. We consider only the relationship of consciousness to physical reality, whether physical reality is interpreted as the brain, artificial intelligence, or the universe as a whole. The difficulties with starting the analysis with physical reality on the one hand and with consciousness on the other are delineated. We consider how one may derive from the other. Concepts of universal or pure consciousness versus local or ego consciousness are explored with the possibility that consciousness may be physically creative. We examine whether artificial intelligence can possess consciousness as an extension of the interrelationship between consciousness and the brain or material reality. 相似文献
119.
Eugene W. Kelly 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1995,73(6):648-653
A national sample (n = 479) of counselors representative of the 1993 American Counseling Association membership was surveyed regarding their value orientations in four domains: universal values, mental health values, individualistic-collectivistic values, and religious-spiritual values. Results yielded a multifaceted, generally concordant (although by no means unanimous) value profile for professional counselors across these value domains, presenting an overall content pattern that might be globally summarized as a strong core valuing of holistic-humanistic empowerment related to personal development and interpersonal and social concern. Implications for counseling practice, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
120.
The role of oral stimulation in the control of ingestive behavior was investigated using an airlicking procedure. It was hypothesized
that the oral experience of airlicking would inhibit subsequent ingestive activity (water intake), possibly via an habituation
process as suggested by recent research (Swithers, 1996). Rats were implanted with gastric cannulas and trained to lick at
a stream of air. Experimental conditions con-sisted of combinations of airlicking and intragastric hydration followed by oral
intake of water. In support of the main hypothesis, airlicking did reduce subsequent ingestive activity. While the role of
habituation was not tested directly, the results lend support to the proposal that oral stimulation does control ingestion,
and this control could act through an habituation process. 相似文献