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121.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN INTERNAL BELIEFS ABOUT WEIGHT AND NEGATIVE ATTITUDES TOWARDS SELF AND OTHERS 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Previous research has found that people with an internal weight locus of control (beliefs in self-control over weight) are more likely to join and stay in weight-loss programs and have higher self-esteem than those who have an external locus of control (e.g., belief that weight is due to luck, genes). There has been no research on how weight locus of control affects the self-esteem of people who are not average weight or not satisfied with their weight. The present study predicted that for people who are overweight, weight locus of control would be negatively related to self-esteem. The results confirmed this interaction between weight locus of control and weight on self-esteem for women, but not for men. The second prediction was that internal weight locus of control would have negative social consequences in terms of greater negative stereotyping of obese people, and this was also confirmed for women. Because weight loss is rarely permanent, it would seem important to change people's attitudes about the lack of control that they (and others) have over body weight. 相似文献
122.
Fifty-eight first graders saw eight pictures of things familiar to them. Subsequently they attempted to recall each picture given as retrieval cues the corresponding noun and four other words. Each set of cue words mapped onto a tree-like, class-inclusion structure. Five predictions based on a model of semantic distance in the structure were confirmed. Contrary to what might have been expected from previous research, the results suggest that class-inclusion hierarchies can serve as the functional basis for retrieving information in children as young as 6 years old. 相似文献
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THE INFLUENCE OF SEX-ROLE IDENTITY AND OCCUPATIONAL ATTAINMENT ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF ASIAN AMERICAN WOMEN 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Esther Ngan-Ling Chow 《Psychology of women quarterly》1987,11(1):69-082
This study examined the extent to which sex-role identity as defined by Bem's typology is related to occupational attainment, self–esteem, and work satisfaction for 161 employed Asian American women. Three major hypotheses were tested: (a) Masculine and androgynous Asian American women have a higher level of occupational attainment than those with feminine and undifferentiated sex-role identity; (b) androgynous Asian American women have a higher level of self-esteem and a greater degree of work satisfaction than those with other types of sex-role identity; and (c) the higher the level of occupational attainment secured by Asian American women, the greater their work satisfaction and the higher their self-esteem. As predicted, sex-role identity was significantly related to occupational attainment. Androgynous Asian American women and those with a high level of occupational attainment had a higher level of self-esteem and a greater degree of work satisfaction than those with other types of sex-role identity. The implications of these findings for Bem's formulation of androgyny, its relation to occupational achievement, and its consequences for psychological health and work outcomes are discussed. 相似文献
125.
Janet Kistner David Hammer David Wolfe Esther Rothblum Ronald S. Drabman 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1982,15(1):85-96
There is a common fear that the use of a token economy in one classroom might harm pupil performance in situations where the contingencies are not in effect. This study investigated potential contrast effects on measures of children's productivity and attitudes toward teachers. Six children with reading deficits participated. A multiple baseline design was used to assess the effects of a token economy which was systematically introduced across three teachers. Dependent measures included two rating forms of teacher popularity and work rate on a programmed reading series. The results indicated that the token system was effective in increasing the children's productivity and that no consistent behavioral contrast effects occurred. Furthermore, children's attitudes toward teachers did not appear to be influenced by the token economy until only one teacher was not delivering tokens. At this point, her popularity declined until she also delivered tokens. The token economy manipulation appeared to have a specific, desirable effect on the targeted behavior (i.e., work rate) and had minimal negative or positive “side effects” on teacher popularity. 相似文献
126.
A patient suffering from a primary myocardiopathy is suddenly no longer able to recognize speech and environmental sounds, in spite of good peripheral hearing; he remains able to speak, read, and write. The C.T. scan shows lesions involving both supratemporal planes. The cortical sensory deficit documented by the absence of late acoustic evoked potentials leads to a diagnosis of cortical deafness rather than of auditory agnosia. 相似文献
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Esther E. Diamond 《Psychologie appliquee》1988,37(2):151-163
Des changements importants se présentent dans la mesure des motivations professionnelles comme le résultat du mouvement féminin et des pressions pour minimiser le biais sexuel. Cet article démontre que la catégorisation des motivations peut servir soit comme moyen de maintenir le statu quo dans la distribution des professions féminines, soit comme agent catalytique pour ouvrir un champ plus large de choix de carrières traditionnelles ou non, aux hommes comme aux femmes. Une polémique à propos des changements psychométriques et l'efficacité de la catégorisation professionnelle est proposée, avec des recommandations pour l'utilisation des catégorisations comme des occasions d'augmenter les expériences exploratoires sur les professions et ainsi propulser le développement des carrières.
Marked changes have taken place in career interest measurement as a result of the women's movement and the pressures to minimise sex bias. This paper argues that interest inventories can serve either as devices to help maintain the status quo in the occupational distribution of women or as catalytic agents that can open up a wider spectrum of career options, traditional and non-traditional, to both women and men. Controversy regarding psychometric changes and the effectiveness of interest inventories is still an issue, but recommendations are offered for using interest inventories as interventions to increase exploratory occupational experiences and thus enhance career development. 相似文献
Marked changes have taken place in career interest measurement as a result of the women's movement and the pressures to minimise sex bias. This paper argues that interest inventories can serve either as devices to help maintain the status quo in the occupational distribution of women or as catalytic agents that can open up a wider spectrum of career options, traditional and non-traditional, to both women and men. Controversy regarding psychometric changes and the effectiveness of interest inventories is still an issue, but recommendations are offered for using interest inventories as interventions to increase exploratory occupational experiences and thus enhance career development. 相似文献
130.