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81.
Decreased Sensitivity to Phonemic Mismatch in Spoken Word Processing in Adult Developmental Dyslexia
Initial lexical activation in typical populations is a direct reflection of the goodness of fit between the presented stimulus
and the intended target. In this study, lexical activation was investigated upon presentation of polysyllabic pseudowords
(such as p
rocodile for crocodile) for the atypical population of dyslexic adults to see to what extent mismatching phonemic information affects lexical activation
in the face of overwhelming support for one specific lexical candidate. Results of an auditory lexical decision task showed
that sensitivity to phonemic mismatch was less in the dyslexic population, compared to the respective control group. However,
the dyslexic participants were outperformed by their controls only for word-initial mismatches. It is argued that a subtle
speech decoding deficit affects lexical activation levels and makes spoken word processing less robust against distortion. 相似文献
82.
83.
This study examined the possible effect of bilingualism on creativity in nonmathematical and mathematical problem solving among bilingual and monolingual preschoolers. Two groups of children (M age = 71.9 months, SD = 3.6) from the same monolingual kindergartens participated in this study: 15 Russian/Hebrew balanced bilinguals and 16 native Hebrew-speaking monolinguals. All children were administered the Working Memory Test, the Verbal (Semantic) Fluency Test, the Pictorial Multiple Solution Task on general creativity, and the Creating Equal Number Task on mathematical creativity. The results showed that balanced bilingualism has a positive effect on the development of creativity in problem solving, but that the effect differs according to the domain: verbal, general, or mathematical creativity. 相似文献
84.
We offer a social psychological perspective on gender-related inequalities in close relationships and integrate two lines of research that have focused on the intrapersonal perceptions and interpersonal consequences respectively of the gendered division of labour. We start with a brief summary of research on gender-related inequalities in the division of labour and discuss prior explanations and paradigms. We then address the extent to which spouses consider the division of labour as fair and the factors that contribute to perceptions of (un)fairness. Central to our argument is the distributive justice framework (<citeref rid="b76">Major, 1987</citeref>, <citeref rid="b77">1993</citeref>; <citeref rid="b113">Thompson, 1991</citeref>) which claims that fairness judgements are affected by people's wants and values, comparison standards, and justifications. In the following section, we address the question of whether dissatisfaction over the division of labour causes relationship conflict and how couples manage these conflicts. The main argument is that conflict over the division of labour generally comprises an asymmetrical conflict structure (with wives as complainants and husbands as defenders of the status quo), which elicits asymmetrical conflict interaction patterns (i.e., demand/withdraw interaction) that result in asymmetrical outcomes (i.e., status quo maintenance). Finally, we summarise the main conclusions and address contributions to theory and research as well as directions for further research. 相似文献
85.
Michael Hicks 《Inquiry (Oslo, Norway)》2013,56(6):609-635
Can a naturalist earn the right to talk of a shared empirical world? Hume famously thought not, and contemporary stipulative naturalists infer from this inability that the demand is somehow unnatural. The critical naturalist, by contrast, claims to earn that right. In this paper, I motivate critical naturalism, arguing first that stipulative naturalism is question begging, and second, that the pessimism it inherits from Hume about whether the problem can be solved is misplaced. Hume's mistake was to mis-identify exemplary contexts of thought: thought is a kind of action, better exemplified at the backgammon table or the dinner party than in the study. By earning the right to this environment-involving conception of thought, the critical naturalist can address, rather than avoid, the explanatory problem Hume uncovered. 相似文献
86.
Manuel Pulido‐Martos Esther Lopez‐Zafra Jose M. Augusto‐Landa 《Journal of applied social psychology》2013,43(2):408-417
In this study, we examined possible connections between perceived emotional intelligence (PEI) and effectiveness during the negotiation process in a sample of 123 workers from different organizations. Participants completed a set of questionnaires, including an exploration of the predictive and incremental validity of PEI measured by Trait‐Meta‐Mood Scale. Moreover, personality traits were carefully controlled to test the percentage of variance that PEI accounted for in efficiency during negotiation. Multiple regression analyses revealed that emotional repair accounts for part of the variance in the balance of power and in procedural flexibility that cannot be explained by personality traits alone. Thus, our results show that emotional repair accounts for negotiation effectiveness in a way that is independent of personality traits. 相似文献
87.
Abstract Bassov, M. General Principles of Pedology. Moscow; Leningrad, 1928. Pp. 744. Freud, S. The Future of an Illusion. New York: Horace Liveright and the Institute of Psycho-analysis, 1928. Pp. 98. Thirty-Four Psychologists. Feelings and Emotions: The Wittenberg Symposium. (Edited by M. L. Reymert.) Worcester, Mass.: Clark Univ. Press. 1928. Pp.xi+454. $6.00.1 Pillsbury, W. B. The History of Psychology. New York: Norton, 1929. Pp. 326. Kupky, O. The Religious Development of Adolescents. (Trans. by W. C. Trow.) New York: Macmillan, 1928. Pp. vii+138. $1.50. Goddard, H. H. School Training of Gifted Children. Yonkers, N. Y.: World Book Co., 1928. Pp. xii+226. 相似文献
88.
Past research has attempted to delineate personality differences between insomniacs and good sleepers but has failed to control for type of insomnia or severity of the disorder. The purpose of this study was to compare MMPI scores of mild and severe sleep onset insomniacs with a control group of noninsomniacs. Results demonstrated that sleep onset insomniacs, regardless of degree of severity, differed significantly from noninsomniacs; and that mild and severe insomniacs differed from each other on only one MMPI scale. 相似文献
89.
Maria Pilar Berrios Martos Esther Lopez‐Zafra Manuel Pulido‐Martos José María Augusto 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2013,54(5):407-414
This paper analyzes whether emotional intelligence and self‐monitoring are related to empathy among a sample of workers in both the public and private employment sectors. Two hundred and forty‐two employees (42.5% men and 57.5% women) with a mean age of 35.21 years (SD = 10.07, range 18–61) completed a questionnaire that measured the variables of interest. The results showed that emotion regulation, a dimension of emotional intelligence, accounts for most of the variance of empathy, followed by the ability to understand emotions and the management of others' emotions. Furthermore, gender did not yield any moderator effect on the relations among emotional intelligence, self‐monitoring and empathy. We conclude that the intrapersonal aspects of emotional intelligence, in particular, emotion regulation, help explain the empathy of workers. The implications of these findings are discussed herein. 相似文献
90.
Somatic complaints are common and form a major burden. Previous studies suggested that such complaints might be increased by ‘illness-related memory’, for example due to worries about health. In this ambulatory study we tested whether we could decrease somatic complaints through enhancing the activation of health-related memory by a ‘positive health’-priming intervention. Forty-three students were randomly assigned to the ‘positive health’-group or a control group. Using online measures, participants reported negative affect (NA) and somatic complaints for a period of six days, while each morning performing the priming task. The intervention caused a decrease in somatic complaints but only for participants with low trait NA or low somatosensory amplification. These findings seem to suggest that priming or other interventions directed at activating positive health memory might reduce health complaints, but only in certain subgroups. 相似文献