David B. Goldston PhD  Christine M. Walrath PhD  MHS  Richard McKeon PhD  Richard W. Puddy PhD  MPH  Keri M. Lubell PhD  Lloyd B. Potter PhD  MPH  Michael S. Rodi PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2010,40(3):245-256

In response to calls for greater efforts to reduce youth suicide, the Garrett Lee Smith (GLS) Memorial Act has provided funding for 68 state, territory, and tribal community grants, and 74 college campus grants for suicide prevention efforts. Suicide prevention activities supported by GLS grantees have included education, training programs (including gatekeeper training), screening activities, infrastructure for improved linkages to services, crisis hotlines, and community partnerships. Through participation in both local‐ and cross‐site evaluations, GLS grantees are generating data regarding the local context, proximal outcomes, and implementation of programs, as well as opportunities for improvement of suicide prevention efforts.  相似文献   

    

Matthew O. Howard PhD  Brian E. Perron PhD  Paul Sacco PhD  Mark Ilgen PhD  Michael G. Vaughn PhD  Eric Garland MSW  Stacey Freedentahl PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2010,40(3):276-286

Few studies have examined associations of inhalant use and inhalant use disorders (IUDs) to suicide ideation and attempts. We investigated these relationships in the largest comorbidity survey conducted in the United States. Suicidal ideation was significantly more prevalent among inhalant users than nonusers and severity of inhalant use problems was positively related to suicidal ideation. Among persons with IUDs, 67.4% had thought about committing suicide and 20.2% had attempted suicide. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that respondents with IUDs reported significantly higher levels of suicide ideation than inhalant nonusers. Inhalant use is associated with significantly increased risk for suicide ideation, especially among women and persons with DSM‐IV IUDs.  相似文献   

    

Gert Scheerder PhD  Alexandre Reynders MA  Karl Andriessen MA  Chantal Van Audenhove PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2010,40(2):115-124

Health and community professionals have considerable exposure to suicidal people and need to be well skilled to deal with them. We assessed suicide intervention skills with a Dutch version of the SIRI in 980 health and community professionals and psychology students. Suicide intervention skills clearly differed among professional groups and were strongly related to experience, especially suicide‐specific experience. Some community professionals scored below acceptable levels on their ability to respond appropriately to suicidal people they encounter, and tended to overestimate their skills level. Training is therefore indicated for these groups, and may be useful to more highly experienced groups too.  相似文献   

    

Kirsten Windfuhr PhD  Harriet Bickley BA  David While PhD  Alyson Williams PhD  Isabelle M. Hunt PhD  Louis Appleby MD  FRCPsych  Navneet Kapur MD  FRCPsych 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2010,40(2):151-158

Little is known about the numbers and characteristics of people who travel away from home before dying by suicide. Therefore, this studied attempts to identify the sociodemographic characteristics, location, and method of suicide in people who died distant from home, in a national sample. Data were collected on all English suicides and a patient population; nonresident suicides resided in one Health Authority but died in a different one. Twelve percent of suicides were nonresident and features of these included: young age, social adversity, and severe mental illness. In conclusion, both individual‐ and area‐based factors are likely to contribute to suicide away from home.  相似文献   

    

Helen Batey MSC  Jon May PhD  Jackie Andrade PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2010,40(1):35-49

Relationships between self‐harm and vulnerability factors were studied in a general population of 432 participants, of whom 30% reported some experience of self‐harm. This group scored higher on dissociation and childhood trauma, had lower self‐worth, and reported more negative intrusive thoughts. Among the non‐harming group, 10% scored similarly to the self‐harmers on the dissociation and self‐worth scales, and engaged in potentially maladaptive behaviors that are not defined as indicating clinical self‐harm, but experienced fewer negative intrusive thoughts. This group may be at risk of future self‐harm if they begin to experience negative intrusive thoughts. If negative intrusive thoughts are playing a causal role, then therapeutic approaches tackling them may help those who are currently self‐harming.  相似文献   

    

Heidi Hjelmeland PhD  Birthe Loa Knizek PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2010,40(1):74-80

Using the differentiation between explanations and understanding from philosophy of science as the point of departure, a critical look at the current mainstream suicidological research was launched. An almost exclusive use of quantitative methodology focusing on explanations is demonstrated. This bias in scope and methodology has to a large extent taken the suicidological field into a dead‐end of repetitious research. It is argued that an increased focus on understanding and thus extended use of qualitative methodology is essential in bringing the suicidological field forward.  相似文献   

    

Lauren N. Harkrider  Michael A. Tamborski  Xiaoqian Wang  Ryan P. Brown  Michael D. Mumford  Shane Connelly 《Ethics & behavior》2013,23(2):133-147

Individuals engage in moral cleansing, a compensatory process to reaffirm one's moral identity, when one's moral self-concept is threatened. However, too much moral cleansing can license individuals to engage in future unethical acts. This study examined the effects of incentives and consequences of one's actions on cheating behavior and moral cleansing. Results found that incentives and consequences interacted such that unethical thoughts were especially threatening, resulting in more moral cleansing, when large incentives to cheat were present and cheating explicitly harmed others. Implications are discussed in terms of ethics training, using incentives as motivators, and the depersonalized norms of science.  相似文献   

    

James F. Johnson  Zhanna Bagdasarov  Lauren N. Harkrider  Alexandra E. MacDougall  Shane Connelly  Lynn D. Devenport 《Ethics & behavior》2013,23(4):299-323

The effectiveness of case-based learning in ethics education varies widely regarding how cases are presented. Case process instruction may impact case-based ethics education to promote sensemaking processes, ethical sensemaking strategy use, and ethical decision making (EDM) quality. This study examined two teaching techniques, notes and review, and participants completed note-taking and review activities examining a case-based scenario during an ethics education course. Results suggest that providing case notes in outline form improves sensemaking processes, strategy use, and EDM quality. In addition, combining processes of provided notes and passive review results in incremental, additive performance via certain ethical sensemaking strategies and EDM quality.  相似文献   

    

Sean C. McCann  Shane M. Murphy  Thomas D. Raedeke 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2013,26(2):177-187

Fifty-three national level cyclists completed competitive rides under both laboratory and field conditions to investigate the relationship between pre-competition anxiety and performance. A total of 39 males and 14 females participated in the study, ranging in age from 19 to 26. The objectives of the study were to, (a) measure the relationship between state anxiety and performance, (b) investigate differences in the anxiety-performance relationship under laboratory versus field conditions, and (c) examine the effect of trait anxiety on the state anxiety-performance relationship. State anxiety was measured using the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2; Martens, Vealey, & Burton, 1990), and trait anxiety with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1970). Results indicated that anxiety was strongly correlated with performance on the field test, but that the anxiety-performance relationship was weaker under laboratory conditions. Results also showed that trait anxiety interacted with the relationship, as low and high trait-anxious subjects had differential response patterns to pre-competition anxiety. The findings are discussed in terms of their relevance for both practitioners and researchers.  相似文献   

    

Kenneth R. Conner PsyD  MPH  Michael D. McCarthy PhD  Alina Bajorska MA  Eric D. Caine MD  Xin M. Tu PhD  Kerry L. Knox PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2012,42(6):699-708

There are meager prospective data from nonclinical samples on the link between anxiety disorders and suicide or the extent to which the association varies over time. We examined these issues in a cohort of 309,861 U.S. Air Force service members, with 227 suicides over follow‐up. Mental disorder diagnoses including anxiety, mood, and substance‐use disorders (SUD) were based on treatment encounters. Risk for suicide associated with anxiety disorders were lower compared with mood disorders and similar to SUD. Moreover, the associations between mood and anxiety disorders with suicide were greatest within a year of treatment presentation.  相似文献