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961.
Allik J Realo A Mõttus R Borkenau P Kuppens P Hřebíčková M 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2010,99(5):870-882
Consensus studies from 4 cultures--in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Estonia, and Germany--as well as secondary analyses of self- and observer-reported Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) data from 29 cultures suggest that there is a cross-culturally replicable pattern of difference between internal and external perspectives for the Big Five personality traits. People see themselves as more neurotic and open to experience compared to how they are seen by other people. External observers generally hold a higher opinion of an individual's conscientiousness than he or she does about him- or herself. As a rule, people think that they have more positive emotions and excitement seeking but much less assertiveness than it seems from the vantage point of an external observer. This cross-culturally replicable disparity between internal and external perspectives was not consistent with predictions based on the actor-observer hypothesis because the size of the disparity was unrelated to the visibility of personality traits. A relatively strong negative correlation (r = -.53) between the average self-minus-observer profile and social desirability ratings suggests that people in most studied cultures view themselves less favorably than they are perceived by others. 相似文献
962.
Miranda Witvliet Mara Brendgen Pol A. C. van Lier Hans M. Koot Frank Vitaro 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(8):1045-1056
This study examined whether clique isolation predicted an increase in depressive symptoms and whether this association was
mediated by loneliness and perceived social acceptance in 310 children followed from age 11–14 years. Clique isolation was
identified through social network analysis, whereas depressive symptoms, loneliness, and perceived social acceptance were
assessed using self ratings. While accounting for initial levels of depressive symptoms, peer rejection, and friendlessness
at age 11 years, a high probability of being isolated from cliques from age 11 to 13 years predicted depressive symptoms at
age 14 years. The link between clique isolation and depressive symptoms was mediated by loneliness, but not by perceived social
acceptance. No sex differences were found in the associations between clique isolation and depressive symptoms. These results
suggest that clique isolation is a social risk factor for the escalation of depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Implications
for research and prevention are discussed. 相似文献
963.
Ligia M. Chavez Patrick E. Shrout Margarita Alegría Sheri Lapatin Glorisa Canino 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(8):1165-1177
Latino children in the U.S. have high rates of unmet need for mental health services, perhaps due to biased perceptions of
impairment and need for care by parents and providers. We tested this argument using an experimental vignette design. Vignettes
described children with problems that varied on severity (mild vs. serious), nature of the problem (internalizing vs. externalizing), as well as gender and ethnicity (Latino vs. Anglo). Raters were Latino and Anglo parents (N = 185) and providers (N = 189). Vignettes with Latino names were viewed as more impaired by both parents and providers, and this effect was significantly
stronger in Latino vignettes with less severe problems. Severity and Latino features of vignettes also interacted with judgments
of need for service. At higher severity, vignettes with Anglo names were judged to need service more than vignettes with Latino
names, despite the same judged levels of impairment. Results are discussed in the light of the unmet need for Latinos. 相似文献
964.
Díaz-Herrero A Brito de la Nuez AG López Pina JA Pérez-López J Martínez-Fuentes MT 《Psicothema》2010,22(4):1033-1038
The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of Parenting Stress Index-Short Form. After translating the instrument from English into Spanish using the forward-backward translation method, it was administered to a sample of 129 mothers of children aged between 10 and 39 months olds. The exploratory factor analysis identified two factors: Childrearing Stress and Personal Distress, which accounted for 48.77% of the variance. The internal consistency of these factors was high (Childrearing Stress: .90 and Personal Distress: .87). Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
965.
Two experiments were used to assess the efficacy of the keyword mnemonic method in adults. In Experiment 1, immediate and delayed recall (at a one-day interval) were assessed by comparing the results obtained by a group of adults using the keyword mnemonic method in contrast to a group using the repetition method. The mean age of the sample under study was 59.35 years. Subjects were required to learn a list of 16 words translated from Latin into Spanish. Participants who used keyword mnemonics that had been devised by other experimental participants of the same characteristics, obtained significantly higher immediate and delayed recall scores than participants in the repetition method. In Experiment 2, other participants had to learn a list of 24 Latin words translated into Spanish by using the keyword mnemonic method reinforced with pictures. Immediate and delayed recall were significantly greater in the keyword mnemonic method group than in the repetition method group. 相似文献
966.
de la Fuente Arias J Martínez Vicente JM Peralta Sánchez FJ García Berbén AB 《Psicothema》2010,22(4):806-812
In Higher Education, performance and Teaching-Learning (T-L) contexts are highly current concerns. Based on the DEDEPRO model, interdependence can be established between instructional contexts and levels of performance as they relate to the T-L process. Partitipants were 2020 pupils from two Spanish universities. Measurements of both variables were used in a quasi-experimental and correlational design. The univariate and causal analyses showed the effect of context on the T-L process and on performance; thus, the interdependent relationships between the latter and perception of the T-L process. Partial interaction effects also appeared, as well as a causal model of academic performance. Results are discussed and implications for the ECTS (European Credit Transfer System) are analyzed. 相似文献
967.
968.
969.
Antonio L. García‐Izquierdo Herman Aguinis Pedro J. Ramos‐Villagrasa 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2010,18(4):432-438
We conducted a content analysis of online job application forms used by companies listed on the Spanish Stock Exchange (i.e., Bolsa de Madrid). We collected data from 76 companies in 2005 and then again for 66 of these companies in 2009. We coded the type of information required on the application forms based on 24 categories related to potential illegal discrimination and personnel selection social context issues (i.e., fairness, intrusiveness, and privacy). Results indicated that the relative frequency of the 24 information categories has remained stable from 2005 to 2009. Moreover, averaging 2005 and 2009 results, a large percentage of companies require information that can be used for illegal discrimination and can be perceived as unfair, intrusive, and invasive of applicants' privacy such as age or date of birth (87%), nationality (61%), marital status (48%), place of birth (57%), passport number (47%), a photograph (23%), and number of children (11%). Our results document a science–practice gap in e‐recruitment because scholarly research suggests that requesting these types of information leads to negative applicant reactions ranging from negative perceptions and emotions to actually initiating legal action against the recruiting firm. Our results also point to e‐recruitment as an area that could be targeted as a good collaboration topic between scientists and practitioners because the resulting research has the potential to make important contributions toward bridging the science–practice gap. 相似文献
970.
Manuel Carreiras Jon Andoni Duñabeitia Marta Vergara Irene de la Cruz-Pavía Itziar Laka 《Cognition》2010,115(1):79-92
Studies from many languages consistently report that subject relative clauses (SR) are easier to process than object relatives (OR). However, Hsiao and Gibson (2003) report an OR preference for Chinese, a finding that has been contested. Here we report faster OR versus SR processing in Basque, an ergative, head-final language with pre-nominal relative clauses. A self-paced reading task was used in Experiments 1 and 2, while ERPs were recorded in Experiment 3. We used relative clauses that were ambiguous between an object or subject-gap interpretation and disambiguated later in the sentence. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 showed that SR took longer to read than OR in the critical disambiguating region. In addition, Experiment 3 showed that SR produced larger amplitudes than OR in the P600 window immediately after reading the critical disambiguating word. Our results suggest that SR are not universally easier to process. They cast doubts on universal hypotheses and suggest that processing complexity may depend on language-specific aspects of grammar. 相似文献