Zook N  Welsh MC  Ewing V 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2006,13(1):1-19

Neuropsychological studies suggest a subclinical impairment in executive function that occurs with normal aging. This is the first study to examine the performance of healthy older adults on the Tower of London-Revised (TOL-R), as well as the relationship between TOL-R performance and verbal and nonverbal abilities. Performance of 63 older adult participants on the TOL-R and two WAIS-III subtests was compared to that of 35 young adult college students. Group comparisons indicated age differences in TOL-R performance; however, these were eliminated after adjusting for individual differences in Matrix Reasoning performance. In the older adult groups, multiple regression analyses demonstrated that Matrix Reasoning performance was a stronger predictor of TOL-R performance than was chronological age or years of education. These results suggest that performance on the TOL-R is a psychometrically sound executive function measure for older adults and that individual differences in fluid intelligence are more predictive of performance than chronological age.  相似文献   

    

Diane M. Morrison  Corinne M. Mar  Elizabeth A. Wells  Mary Rogers Gillmore  Marilyn J. Hoppe  Anthony Wilsdon  Elise Murowchick  Matthew E. Archibald 《Journal of applied social psychology》2002,32(11):2266-2295

This research examined the applicability of the theory of reasoned action to school‐age children. Using structural equation modeling, we longitudinally modeled children's attitudes, norms, intentions, and behavior with regard to drinking alcohol. Respondents were 1,061 children attending public schools in the northwestern United States. Attitude, norms, and intentions (measured when the children were in 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th grades) were used to predict alcohol use 1 year later. Two modifications of the model improved the overall fit at each grade level: separating attitude into 2 dimensions (positive and negative), and adding a path from social norm to behavior. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.  相似文献   

    

Duane A. Lundervold  Marilyn F. Belwood 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2000,78(1):92-102

Counselor education has been repeatedly faulted for failing to adequately train counselors in research methodology, generally, and practice‐relevant methods, specifically. Continued emphasis and education in the use of group experimental design methodology, which is by definition insensitive to the exigencies of everyday practice, will have little effect on counseling practice. It is ironic that single‐case (N = 1) design developed for use in practice settings continues to be the “best kept secret” in counseling. Single‐case (N = 1) designs offer a scientifically credible means to objectively evaluate practice and conduct clinically relevant research in practice settings. A 7‐component model for establishing the use of single‐case design research methods in counseling programs is presented.  相似文献   

    

Jennifer McCabe  Marilyn Hartman 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(5):574-600

ABSTRACT

Two experiments examined age differences in mechanisms hypothesized to affect activation of item and temporal information in working memory. Activation levels were inferred from the ability to reject n-back lures matching items in different temporal positions. Information with the least decay had a performance advantage over less recent information, but was susceptible to the same temporal context errors found in all adjacent-to-target lure positions. Lures most distant from the current item showed a performance rebound. The pattern of increased magnitudes of age effects at adjacent-to-target positions indicated a reduction in older adults' working memory for temporal context information above and beyond item memory declines. Results overall support the emphasis on context information as a critical factor in working memory and cognitive aging.  相似文献   

    

Marilyn Baetz  Rudy Bowen 《Mental health, religion & culture》2013,16(7):633-641

Suicidal ideation is a strong precursor to suicidal acts and like depression is complex with many risk and protective factors. The purpose of this study is to determine if affect lability, positive and negative religion/spirituality (RS) are related to suicidal ideation and if RS mediates the relationship between affect lability and suicidal ideation. RS are used synonymously to reflect a multidimensional construct. In this cross-sectional study of 183 depressed psychiatric patients, we confirm that depression and affective lability both contribute to suicidal ideation. Positive RS is associated with lower suicidal ideation. Negative RS is associated with higher suicidal ideation; however, this occurs through its association with affective lability. Affective lability and negative aspects of RS are two factors related to suicide ideation that could be addressed in the treatment of depressed patients.  相似文献   

    

Leslie Vaughan  Marilyn Hartman 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(1):35-54

ABSTRACT

Previous research has observed that the size of age differences in short-term memory (STM) depends on the type of material to be remembered, but has not identified the mechanism underlying this pattern. The current study focused on visual STM and examined the contribution of information load, as estimated by the rate of visual search, to STM for two types of stimuli – meaningful and abstract objects. Results demonstrated higher information load and lower STM for abstract objects. Age differences were greater for abstract than meaningful objects in visual search, but not in STM. Nevertheless, older adults demonstrated a decreased capacity in visual STM for meaningful objects. Furthermore, in support of Salthouse's processing speed theory, controlling for search rates eliminated all differences in STM related to object type and age. The overall pattern of findings suggests that STM for visual objects is dependent upon processing rate, regardless of age or object type.  相似文献   

    

Marilyn Radford 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2003,2(3):287-295

Co‐operative Bank Financial Advisers Ltd (CBFA) is a wholly‐owned subsidiary of the Co‐operative Bank plc. Established since 1972, it specialises in the provision of independent financial advice to personal and corporate customers across the financial services spectrum. Based in Stockport in the north‐west of the UK, CBFA conducts its business via a nationally‐based team of independent financial advisers (IFA), offering a bespoke service to customers at a mutually agreed time and location—usually bank premises, business premises or in the client's own home. In the late 1990s, CBFA faced a crisis. A number of marketplace challenges threatened the long‐term viability of its business. In this paper, one of the management team members describes how her organisation used its understanding of customer decision‐making—backed by good customer research—to regain its footing in a difficult and competitive marketplace. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications.  相似文献   

    

Marilyn Charles PhD  ABPP 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2016,97(4):1184-1194

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Adrienne Baldwin-White  Marilyn S. Thompson  Amanda Gray 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2016,25(6):636-651

The effects of a bystander education intervention program on the factor structure underlying a rape myth acceptance scale were examined using exploratory factor analyses on secondary data. The Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale was administered to college students at a northwestern university both before (n = 363) and after (n = 352) receiving a bystander education program. Results from exploratory factor analyses showed changes in the factor structure from pretest to posttest. This suggests some instability in the factor structure of the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale. These pre–post intervention differences in the rape myth acceptance factor structure suggest researchers use caution in using and interpreting scores based on the IRMA without regard to participants’ prevention program status.  相似文献   

    

Marilyn A. Cornish  Nathaniel G. Wade 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2015,93(1):96-104

Self‐forgiveness is associated with psychological and relational well‐being and may be a worthwhile treatment goal for clients who have hurt others. The authors utilized theoretical and empirical literature to describe a 4‐component therapeutic model of self‐forgiveness—responsibility, remorse, restoration, and renewal—and offer suggestions for promoting each component with clients. Finally, the authors explore potential contraindications and the applicability of self‐forgiveness for military veterans, clients in substance abuse treatment, and clients convicted of a crime.  相似文献