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21.
Comment on “The Impact of Cancer on Psychological and Social Outcomes (Costa et al., 2016)”
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Esben Strodl 《Australian psychologist》2016,51(2):100-104
The review written by (Costa et al. 2016) summarises a broad range of topics associated with what is known about the psychosocial outcomes of cancer in patients and their families. This commentary supplements this review by expanding on three topics that were not covered in the review. First, the challenges in assessing and diagnosing anxiety, depression, and distress in cancer patients due to overlapping symptoms with the disease state are highlighted. Second, the contribution of biological pathways such as inflammation upon the genesis and maintenance of anxiety, depression, and distress is acknowledged. Third, the potential role of religion and spirituality in influencing the psychosocial outcomes of cancer is raised. These three points are used to emphasise the importance of firmly incorporating a biopsychosocial model in research and health‐care provisions with cancer patients and their families. 相似文献
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Philosophical Studies - I argue for patternism, a new answer to the question of when some objects compose a whole. None of the standard principles of composition comfortably capture our natural... 相似文献
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Applied Research in Quality of Life - University students can experience low levels of quality of life (QoL). Previous research has indicated a positive relationship between spirituality and QoL.... 相似文献
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Suni Petersen Carolyn Bull Olivia Propst Sara Dettinger Laura Detwiler 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2005,83(1):41-47
More than 94% of cancer patients described the experience as the most traumatic event they have ever faced and 13% have posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the aftermath. Empirical evidence demonstrates that certain behaviors lead to more positive health outcomes. Although many patients automatically engage in these behaviors, many others do not. Treatments typically focus on short‐term, symptom‐focused strategies. Narrative‐Expressive Therapy is an intervention designed to address the long‐term, underlying stress and to prevent PTSD in patients with serious illness. 相似文献
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According to models of animal behavior, the relative formidability of conspecifics determines the utility of deferring versus aggressing in situations of conflict. Here we apply and extend these models by investigating how the formidability of exploiters shapes third party moral outrage in humans. Deciding whether to defer to or stand up against a formidable exploiter is a complicated decision as there is both much to lose (formidable individuals are able and prone to retaliate) and much to gain (formidable individuals pose a great future threat). An optimally designed outrage system should, therefore, be sensitive to these cost- benefit trade-offs. To test this argument, participants read scenarios containing exploitative acts (trivial vs. serious) and were presented with head-shot photos of the apparent exploiters (formidable vs. non-formidable). As predicted, results showed that, compared to the non- formidable exploiter, the formidable exploiter activated significantly more outrage in male participants when the exploitative act was serious. Conversely, when it was trivial, the formidable exploiter activated significantly less outrage in male participants. However, these findings were conditioned by the exploiters' perceived trustworthiness. Among female participants, the results showed that moral outrage was not modulated by exploiter formidability. 相似文献
26.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) refers to the transitional state between the cognitive changes of normal aging and very early dementia. MCI has generated a great deal of research from both clinical and research perspectives. Several population- and community-based studies have documented an accelerated rate of progression to dementia and Alzheimer's disease in individuals diagnosed with MCI. Clinical subtypes of MCI have been proposed to broaden the concept and include prodromal forms of a variety of dementias. An algorithm is presented to assist the clinician in identifying subjects and subclassifying them into the various types of MCI. Progression factors, including genetic, neuroimaging, biomarker, and clinical characteristics, are discussed. Neuropathological studies indicating an intermediate state between normal aging and early dementia in subjects with MCI are presented. The recently completed clinical trials as well as neuropsychological and nutritional interventions are discussed. Finally, the clinical utility of MCI, and directions for future research are proposed. 相似文献
27.
Prof. Dr. Rainer Thomasius Nina Weymann Martin Stolle Kay Uwe Petersen 《Psychotherapeut》2009,54(3):170-178
After a long time of growth current studies on representative samples of adolescents indicate that the number of adolescent cannabis users in Germany is possibly decreasing. However, it may be presumptuous to expect a similar trend concerning the number of clients with cannabis-related disorders. Even if there is in fact a downward trend which is not yet proven, the rapidly growing number of clients presenting with these disorders in recent years cannot be explained by a similar growth in the number of regular cannabis users. Treatment centres should therefore expect a further inreasing number of especially male adolescents and young adults seeking help for problems related to cannabis use. The development, evaluation and implementation of specific treatment options concerning cannabis use disorders will be increasingly needed in the future. Cognitive-behavioral and motivational interventions have been shown to be evidence-based treatments. The paper describes some promising or already successful treatment approaches and related research projects in Germany. 相似文献
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R D Post J L Petersen A M Jackson R M House R D Franks N J Baker C Alford 《Journal of personality assessment》1985,49(3):258-259
In a sample of depressed psychiatric inpatients, the Mezzich regression formula, based on five MMPI scales, correlated moderately with clinicians' judgments and yielded few false negative diagnoses in identifying patients with unipolar Major Depressive Disorder, but was less effective in eliminating false positives. 相似文献
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