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61.
62.
Ervin Laszlo Editor in Chief 《World Futures: Journal of General Evolution》2013,69(3-4):125-126
63.
Ervin Laszlo 《Zygon》2006,41(3):533-542
Abstract. Two fundamental issues raised by Lothar Schäfer are considered: (1) the question of a suitable paradigm within which the findings of quantum physics can be optimally interpreted and (2) the question of the assessment of the presence and importance of mind and consciousness in the universe. In regard to the former, I contend that the ideal of science is to interpret its findings in an optimally consistent and minimally speculative framework. In this context Schäfer's assertion that certain findings in quantum physics (those that relate to virtual states) indicate the presence of mind at the quantum level implies a dualistic and hence unnecessarily speculative assumption. In regard to the assessment of mind and consciousness, a consistent and parsimonious paradigm suggests that mind and consciousness are not part of a chain of events consisting of an admixture of physical and mental events but that physical events form a single, coherent set of events, and mental events another set, with the two sets related, as Teilhard (and a number of other philosophers, including White head) affirmed, as the “within” and the “without” (or the “mental pole” and the “physical pole”) of one and the same fundamental reality. This panpsychist as contrasted with Schäfer's dualist paradigm provides a single self‐consistent framework for the interpretation of quantum (and all natural) events while recognizing the presence of mind in the universe as the least speculative realist implication of our immediate experience of consciousness. 相似文献
64.
Robert Ervin Cramer Robert Frank Weiss Robin William Suzanne Reid Lia Nieri Barbara Manning-Ryan 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology》2002,55(3):241-266
Estimates of a worker's causal relationship (CR) to production obeyed associative principles, despite the participants' a priori beliefs that workers are responsible or "at cause" for production. In three experiments, social analogues of conditioned stimuli (workers) and unconditioned stimuli (company production information) were manipulated in familiar Pavlovian paradigms. The findings included (1) CR acquisition, (2) unconditioned stimulus-intensity effects, and (3) CR blocking. The research plan employed an approach that Neal Miller (1959) termed "extension of liberalized S-R theory" and drew on the Rescorla-Wagner model to integrate the experimental results, to illuminate the empirical data of social attribution research, and to guide the study of causal relationship detection using social stimuli. 相似文献
65.
George J. DuPaul Ruth A. Ervin Christine L. Hook Kara E. McGoey 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1998,31(4):579-592
We investigated the effects of classwide peer tutoring (CWPT) on the classroom behavior and academic performance of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Typical instructional activities were contrasted with CWPT for 18 children with ADHD and 10 peer comparison students attending first- through fifth-grade general education classes. CWPT led to increases in active engagement in academic tasks along with reductions in off-task behavior for most participants. Of students with ADHD, 50% exhibited improvements in academic performance in math or spelling during CWPT conditions, as measured by a treatment success index. Participating teachers and students reported a high level of satisfaction with intervention procedures. Our results suggest that peer tutoring appears to be an effective strategy for addressing the academic and behavioral difficulties associated with ADHD in general education settings. 相似文献
66.
Robert Ervin Cramer William Todd Abraham Lesley M. Johnson Barbara Manning-Ryan 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2001,20(4):327-336
Men and women were asked to imagine a romantic partner being sexually unfaithful and/or emotionally unfaithful. Three hypotheses
regarding gender differences in subjective distress to sexual and emotional infidelity, and in the inferences linking the
infidelities were tested. The results indicated that more men than women were distressed by imagining a partner enjoying passionate
sexual intercourse with another person, and more women than men were distressed by imagining a partner forming a deep emotional
attachment to another person. Asking another group of women and men to imagine a partner committing both infidelities at the
same time, and then to indicate which component of the combined infidelity was the most distressing, produced the same sexual
asymmetries. The prediction that men will infer from a partner's sexual infidelity the co-occurrence of emotional infidelity
and that women will infer from a partner’s emotional infidelity the co-occurrence of sexual infidelity was not supported.
An evolutionary perspective, rather than an alternative analysis emphasizing the different inferences men and women draw from
sex and love, provided a satisfactory explanation of the sexual asymmetries in the cues to jealousy. 相似文献
67.
Jesse Spencer-Smith Heather Wild Åse H. Innes-Ker James Townsend Christy Duffy Chad Edwards Kristina Ervin Nicole Merritt Jae Won Pair 《Behavior research methods》2001,33(2):115-123
Previous studies of the perceptual processing and dynamics of emotional expression in faces have been limited by the lack of realistic yet controlled stimuli. The present work offers researchers a method for creating such stimuli for exploring these phenomena. We describe the creation of the stimuli and a series of experiments testing the validity of these stimuli with respect to emotional expressions in humans. Participants evaluated synthesized facial images and standardized photographs of six basic emotional expressions for intensity and accuracy of perceived emotion. Comparisons of these measures were qualitatively similar for synthesized and photographed faces. A manipulation of the magnitude of the synthesized expressions yielded a significant effect on the perceived intensity of expression. In a subsequent multidimensional scaling study, no systematic differences were uncovered in the derived configurations of the synthesized expressions and the photographs. These results are discussed in the context of possible future research applications. 相似文献
68.
William Todd Abraham Robert Ervin Cramer Ana Maria Fernandez Eileen Mahler 《Current Psychology》2001,20(4):337-348
Asymmetries in subjective distress were observed among African American and white (N = 191) men and women who were asked to imagine a partner being emotionally and sexually unfaithful, and a partner committing
other paired, gender-linked viola-tions-of-trust. More women than men were distressed by imagining a partner forming a deep
emotional attachment to another person and more men than women were distressed by imagining a partner enjoying passionate
sexual intercourse with another person. In addition, more men than women were distressed by male-linked violations, such as
a partner no longer trying to look attractive, and more women than men were distressed by female-linked violations, such as
a partner no longer wanting to work. The results contribute to a growing body of cross-cultural research reporting gender
differences in distress to emotional and sexual infidelity. The results also provide cross-cultural validation of the extension
of an evolutionary perspective to under-standing gender differences in subjective distress to other biologically relevant
viola-tions-of-trust. 相似文献
69.
Robert Ervin Cramer David J. Lutz Patricia A. Bartell Marguerite Dragna Kimberly Helzer 《Sex roles》1989,20(9-10):551-573
After listening to a masculine male, female subjects learned an instrumental escape response reinforced by the opportunity to listen to an androgynous male. The results of three experiments revealed a striking correspondence between conventional learning variables and social analogues of acquisition, partial reinforcement, delay of reinforcement, and intermittent shock. Subject responses to a postconversation questionnaire indicated that the comments made by the androgynous male were judged as more appropriate and more honest, and he was rated as more likable, more intelligent, more moral, and more mentally healthy, than his masculine counterpart. Discussion focused on the importance of investigating male sex role action using additional theoretically relevant social analogues of conventional learning variables and other familiar learning paradigms. 相似文献
70.
Male and female students participated in an experiment designed to test specific hypotheses fromsexual strategies theory (Buss & Schmitt, 1993) regarding their preferences for certain personal and physical traits in a potential mate. Participants
distributed 50 points among a number of trait-pairs. The items consisted of a consensually valued trait-pair, “biologically
relevant” trait-pairs, and a reference to ethnic and cultural similarity. In Condition 1 participants distributed the points
among the trait-pairs without any additional information about the potential mate; Condition 2 participants distributed the
points after being asked to assume the potential mate possessed some biologically relevant traits. Males, compared to females,
assigned more points to trait-pairs signalling highreproductive value, and females, compared to males, assigned more points to trait-pairs signalling highresource potential. Male and female participants in Condition 2, compared to control participants, distributed more points among the opposite
genders’ preferred traits. Discussion focused on speculation that assuming a potential mate possessed biologically relevant
traits increases the desirability of other traits related to the solution of common and genderspecific long-term mating problems. 相似文献