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A series of experiments examined the potential plasticity of the callosal system in both epileptic patients and in kittens submitted to corpus callosotomy at various ages. The patients were tested for unilateral discrimination and interhemispheric transfer of tactile information. The youngest patient was also required to perform additional inter- and intrahemispheric comparisons of visual and tactile stimuli. The animals were tested for interhemispheric transfer of visual discriminations. The results suggest that in both animals and humans there exists a critical period before which callosal section does not disrupt interhemispheric communication. The results also indicate that the compensatory mechanisms used to achieve interhemispheric transfer in the absence of the corpus callosum may vary according to the sensory modality involved. The possible physiological and/or functional mechanisms responsible for callosal plasticity are discussed. 相似文献
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Pamela J. Feldman Sheldon Cohen Natalie Hamrick Stephen J. Lepore 《Psychology & health》2013,28(3):353-368
Forty-three undergraduates (30 males, 13 females) prepared and performed a speech task (stressor) or a reading task (no-stressor control). Preparing to speak led to greater threat appraisal, negative emotion, and cardiovascular (CV) response than preparing to read aloud, particularly in speech anxious individuals. Delivering the speech, however, did not result in an increment in CV response over and above preparation. Although threat appraisals could not explain the effect of stress on CV response during task preparation, negative emotion accounted for over half of the effect. These data support the hypothesis that CV response in these studies is at least partially accounted for by psychological processes (stressor-specific anxiety and negative emotional response) and suggests that these processes may be best studied during a period of stressor anticipation. 相似文献
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Several lines of research on adult subjects demonstrate a visual/spatial fractionation of nonverbal working memory (WM), while behavioral studies on normal children support the idea of a static/dynamic distinction. In the present paper, we report a child (Z.M.) who failed on nonverbal WM tasks. To verify the nature of his defect, we carried out two experiments: in Experiment 1, Z.M. failed on spatial WM tasks but not on visual WM tasks and was not affected by the static/dynamic format of stimulus presentation; in Experiment 2, this visual/spatial dissociation was extended to the imagery domain. These results are best accounted for within the visual/spatial fractionation of WM and confirmed the role of WM in mental imagery. Clinical and rehabilitative implications of the present findings are also discussed. 相似文献
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The commonplace view about metaphorical interpretation is that it can be characterized in traditional semantic and pragmatic
terms, thereby assimilating metaphor to other familiar uses of language. We will reject this view, and propose in its place
the view that, though metaphors can issue in distinctive cognitive and discourse effects, they do so without issuing in metaphorical meaning and truth, and so, without metaphorical communication. Our inspiration derives from Donald Davidson’s critical arguments against metaphorical meaning
and Richard Rorty’s exploration of the diverse uses of language. But unlike these authors we ground our discussion squarely
in distinctions about causal mechanisms in cooperative activity developed by H.P. Grice and others. 相似文献
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The relations of agency (positive focus on self) and unmitigated agency (focus on self to the exclusion of others) to men's quality of life following prostate cancer was examined. Whereas agency was associated with indicators of a good quality of life, unmitigated agency was associated with indicators of a poor quality of life, particularly more intrusive thoughts about the illness, more depressive symptoms, and worse mental functioning over time. The primary psychological mechanism that explained these relations was reduced self‐efficacy. Unmitigated agency was associated with feeling less capable of controlling the demands the illness imposed. Unmitigated agency also was associated with adverse changes in bowel and urine function; and changes in bowel and urine function explained the relation of unmitigated agency to poor quality of life. 相似文献
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In this paper, we defend Davidson's program in truth-theoretical semantics against recent criticisms by Scott Soames. We
argue that Soames has misunderstood Davidson's project, that in consequence his criticisms miss the mark, that appeal to meanings
as entities in the alternative approach that Soames favors does no work, and that the approach is no advance over truth-theoretic
semantics. 相似文献
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We are in the curious position of disagreeing with Bach about what exactly we disagree about. As we see it, his characterization of our disagreement introduces largely irrelevant terminological issues; and these in turn cover up the fact that he simply hasn't replied to our central criticism. We start with two failed attempts to characterize the disagreement, and then move on to what is central. 相似文献
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