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Philosophical Studies - 相似文献
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Ernesto Spinelli 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2002,32(1):111-118
Existential psychotherapy places pivotal significance upon the interrelational aspects of human experience. By so doing, the therapeutic relationship itself becomes the principal means through which the client's presenting symptoms and disorders are disclosed as direct expressions and outcomes of the client's overall way of being rather than as isolated and disruptive impediments. This paper examines the therapeutic relationship as viewed from four primary interrelational dimensions. Further, it focuses upon psychotherapy's tendency to exclude the world from the therapeutic relationship and provides two novel and challenging alternatives whose principal aim is to bring the world back into the therapeutic relationship. 相似文献
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Ernesto Spinelli 《欧洲心理治疗、咨询与健康杂志》2013,15(3):395-404
Beginning with a critical overview of more typical therapeutic assumptions regarding linear causality and the fixedness and constancy of the past, this paper argues from a perspective that emphasises 1) the distinction between the past per se and the remembered past; and 2) the fluidity of the remembered past. the author then presents an alternative argument, derived from existential-phenomenological analysis, that the principal function of the remembered past is to both reflect and validate the currently maintained and future-directed self-construct. Some initial implications for psychotherapy and counselling raised by this hypothesis are discussed both generally and via a brief case vignette. 相似文献
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Salvatore?PisuEmail author Giovanni?CaocciEmail author Ernesto?d’Aloja Fabio?Efficace Adriana?Vacca Eugenia?Piras Maria?Grazia?Orofino Carmen?Addari Michela?Pintor Roberto?Demontis Federica?Demuru Maria?Rita?Pittau Gary?S?Collins Giorgio?La Nasa 《Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM》2014,9(1):13
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In this paper, we study the identification of a particular case of the 3PL model, namely when the discrimination parameters are all constant and equal to 1. We term this model, 1PL-G model. The identification analysis is performed under three different specifications. The first specification considers the abilities as unknown parameters. It is proved that the item parameters and the abilities are identified if a difficulty parameter and a guessing parameter are fixed at zero. The second specification assumes that the abilities are mutually independent and identically distributed according to a distribution known up to the scale parameter. It is shown that the item parameters and the scale parameter are identified if a guessing parameter is fixed at zero. The third specification corresponds to a semi-parametric 1PL-G model, where the distribution G generating the abilities is a parameter of interest. It is not only shown that, after fixing a difficulty parameter and a guessing parameter at zero, the item parameters are identified, but also that under those restrictions the distribution G is not identified. It is finally shown that, after introducing two identification restrictions, either on the distribution G or on the item parameters, the distribution G and the item parameters are identified provided an infinite quantity of items is available. 相似文献
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Ernesto San Martín Alejandro Jara Jean-Marie Rolin Michel Mouchart 《Psychometrika》2011,76(3):385-409
We study the identification and consistency of Bayesian semiparametric IRT-type models, where the uncertainty on the abilities’
distribution is modeled using a prior distribution on the space of probability measures. We show that for the semiparametric
Rasch Poisson counts model, simple restrictions ensure the identification of a general distribution generating the abilities,
even for a finite number of probes. For the semiparametric Rasch model, only a finite number of properties of the general
abilities’ distribution can be identified by a finite number of items, which are completely characterized. The full identification
of the semiparametric Rasch model can be only achieved when an infinite number of items is available. The results are illustrated
using simulated data. 相似文献