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621.
The Elephant in the Road: Auditory Perceptual Load Affects Driver Perception and Awareness 下载免费PDF全文
Summary Perceptual load theory research has shown that the level of perceptual load in a task affects processing of additional information. Less certain are the cross‐modal effects of perceptual load—does load in one modality affect processing in another? The current study assessed the effect of auditory perceptual load on visual attention in a driving simulator task. While driving, participants listened to traffic updates on the radio, which imposed either low or high perceptual load. Awareness for an unexpected animal as well as less novel objects (such as billboards and other vehicles) was markedly reduced under high load. Driver behaviour was also significantly affected, with impaired lateral control, longer reaction times to hazards and more collisions under high load. This study has important implications for load theory and also more general implications for road safety, as it suggests that auditory load may be an important, often overlooked factor in driver attention.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
622.
It has previously been suggested that Lavie’s Perceptual Load Theory can be assessed using feature vs. conjunction search tasks. In this study we manipulated load using a novel paradigm which retains the key features of both classic Load Theory and Feature Integration Theory paradigms. This new paradigm has the advantage of an inbuilt manipulation check which is necessary for future research to translate Load Theory to applied contexts. Across five experiments, we demonstrate the robust nature of this paradigm, which functions with extended display times, large, complex stimuli and when conditions are intermixed on a trial-by-trial basis. We also rule out dilution as a possible cause of these results. The results of all five experiments provide evidence that the feature vs. conjunction search dichotomy is an effective means of imposing low and high perceptual load while controlling for working memory load. 相似文献
623.
Farrah N. Greene Bruce F. Chorpita A. Aukahi Austin 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(4):405-411
This study sought to clarify the relation of anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation in children and adolescents by examining
these variables in the context of depression and negative affect. As outlined in the tripartite model of anxiety and depression,
negative affectivity is common to both emotional constructs; therefore negative affectivity may best explain the relation
of each to suicidal ideation. Self report measures of generalized anxiety, depression, negative affectivity, and suicidal
ideation were assessed in a primarily externalizing sample of children ages 7–18. Results suggested that the relation between
anxiety and suicidal ideation was best accounted for by depression, not negative affectivity. Results also suggested that
negative affectivity was associated with suicidal ideation but did not account for the relations among anxiety, depression,
and suicidal ideation. Further, depression, negative affect, and anxiety all significantly contributed to the prediction of
suicidal ideation scores (r
2
= .307, p < .01). 相似文献
624.
In some cases people judge it morally acceptable to sacrifice one person’s life in order to save several other lives, while in other similar cases they make the opposite judgment. Researchers have identified two general factors that may explain this phenomenon at the stimulus level: (1) the agent’s intention (i.e. whether the harmful event is intended as a means or merely foreseen as a side-effect) and (2) whether the agent harms the victim in a manner that is relatively “direct” or “personal”. Here we integrate these two classes of findings. Two experiments examine a novel personalness/directness factor that we call personal force, present when the force that directly impacts the victim is generated by the agent’s muscles (e.g., in pushing). Experiments 1a and b demonstrate the influence of personal force on moral judgment, distinguishing it from physical contact and spatial proximity. Experiments 2a and b demonstrate an interaction between personal force and intention, whereby the effect of personal force depends entirely on intention. These studies also introduce a method for controlling for people’s real-world expectations in decisions involving potentially unrealistic hypothetical dilemmas. 相似文献
625.
Ernest Wolf 《Group》2003,27(2-3):59-63
This introduction presents the extension of Freud's instinct theory via Kohut's theory of narcissism and the self to an application of the combined theories to the political group violence racking the world scene. 相似文献
626.
Ernest Greene R. Todd Ogden 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2008,61(1):189-210
Prior research has found that participants manifest complex profiles of error when they are asked to judge collinearity of stimulus elements. These studies used harmonic analysis to model the data, and found large departures from accurate collinear judgments, with the amplitude and specific angular position of departures from valid judgment varying from one participant to the next. The models appeared to be a composite of many large‐, medium‐ and small‐scale departures, but this could not be established with any certainty because of the global nature of harmonic model components. Wavelet modelling is better suited to answer the question of whether the error profile is produced by independent sources that vary in size and location. Here, we examined judgments of collinearity of dot pairs across 360° of angular position. A priori and post hoc wavelet modelling strategies were used to identify independent sources of error that could not be attributed to chance, and some new statistical protocols were applied. We found evidence of error sources at several levels of scale, and these results were confirmed by the application of cross‐validation methods that make no assumption about the nature of the error probability distribution. 相似文献
627.
628.
Rouse SV Greene RL Butcher JN Nichols DS Williams CL 《Journal of personality assessment》2008,90(5):435-442
The Restructured Clinical (RC; Tellegen et al., 2003) scales were developed to improve measurement of the core constructs of the MMPI-2 (Butcher et al., 2001) Clinical scales by removing "demoralization," hypothesized to affect these scales adversely. Using 25 samples with MMPI-2 responses from 78,159 subjects across diverse clinical settings, we found that each RC scale was highly correlated with a Supplementary, Content, or Personality Psychopathology 5 (PSY-5; Harkness, McNulty, & Ben-Porath, 1995) scale: higher, in fact, than the correlation between the RC scale and its parent scale. Furthermore, for over half the RC scales (i.e., RC1, RC3, RC7, RC8, and RCd), the correlations were strong enough to conclude that the RC scales replicate MMPI-2 scales with rich empirical foundations; the remaining RC scales were not redundant. Next, we examined reliability estimates using alpha coefficients and interitem correlations and did not reveal superior reliability for most of the RC scales over existing MMPI-2 scales. 相似文献
629.
Peters JA Beckjord EB Banda Ryan DR Carr AG Vadaparampil ST Loud JT Korde L Greene MH 《Journal of genetic counseling》2008,17(4):351-364
Purpose
It was our aim to determine baseline levels of testicular cancer and genetics knowledge among members of families with Familial Testicular Cancer (FTC). 相似文献630.
This paper uses chronic beryllium disease as a case study to explore some of the challenges for decision-making and some of
the problems for obtaining meaningful informed consent when the interpretation of screening results is complicated by their
probabilistic nature and is clouded by empirical uncertainty. Although avoidance of further beryllium exposure might seem
prudent for any individual whose test results suggest heightened disease risk, we will argue that such a clinical precautionary
approach is likely to be a mistake. Instead, advice on the interpretation of screening results must focus not on risk per
se, but on avoidable risk, and must be carefully tailored to the individual. These points are of importance for individual
decision-making, for informed consent, and for occupational health.
相似文献
Mark GreeneEmail: |