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111.
This paper considers well known results of psychological researchinto the fallibility of human reason, and philosophical conclusionsthat some have drawn from these results. Close attention to theexact content of the results casts doubt on the reasoning that leadsto those conclusions. 相似文献
112.
The effects of four novel odors on risk assessment by mice (i. e., flat back approach, stretched attention, immobility) and the suppression of appetitive behaviors were examined in two experiments. When novel odors were presented in a straight runway, subjects spent significantly less time in the odor compartment, relative to controls, when it contained sheep wool, chocolate, or citronella (but not cat fur) odors. Risk assessment behaviors occurred at similar levels among all groups and appetitive behaviors were not suppressed by the novel odors. When odorants were scattered over one half of the subjects' home cage floor in Experiment 2, all novel odors increased the duration of at least on e risk assessment measure and/or suppressed appetitive behaviors (i. e., eating, grooming, rearing). The results clearly reveal that a reasonably wide range of novel odors evoke at least some level of risk assessment which presumably reflects increased fearfulness. The odors of sheep wool and cat fur induced a wider range of such responses than did chocolate or cinnamon suggesting that mammalian odors may be particularly effective stimuli. If so, however, it is clear that predator odors are not uniquely effective in this regard. Experiment 1 also underscores the importance of the testing environment in assessing the behavioral effects of novel odors in mice. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
113.
It is well known that judgments of oblique line segments are more variable and less accurate than are judgments of horizontal
or vertical segments, i.e., the “oblique effect.” A prior study from our laboratories confirmed these differentials for a
task in which the collinearity of segments at various angular positions was judged. Further, that study found that each observer
manifests a distinct, idiosyncratic profile of errors across the 360° range. These error tendencies are conspicuous in models
derived by harmonic analysis, and we describe significant excursions of a given model as “delta errors.” The present experiments
found complex profiles of delta error with various stimulus and test conditions. A given subject manifested similar models
of delta error when judging collinearity of dot pairs versus line segments. In the prior work the segments to be judged were
asymmetrically positioned upon the test sheet. However, the asymmetric positioning is not responsible for the errors, as the
present work found errors excursions with a round display field. Similar profiles of delta error were found when subjects
were allowed to mark an open space, versus being required to respond at a specific distance (indicated by a target circle).
This addresses questions of whether the error should be measured as an angle. In the two final experiments, we present evidence
that the source of delta error within the nervous system is at the point of binocular synthesis of the information from the
two eyes, or beyond, and the effects are not due to errors of reaching. Potential neural substrates for these complex, idiosyncratic
error tendencies are discussed.
Received: 16 June 2000 / Accepted: 10 March 2001 相似文献
114.
This paper is truly a joint effort and it could not have been written without the contribution of both authors. Garson, though, deserves credit (or blame) for first seeing the need for two kinds of quantifier scope, and also for devising essentials of the positive theory. 相似文献
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Ernest S. Park Verlin B Hinsz Gary S. Nickell 《Journal of applied social psychology》2015,45(7):363-373
The food‐processing industry emphasizes employee compliance to food‐safety standards to prevent distribution of contaminated foods. Regulatory fit theory was tested to examine the applicability of self‐regulation constructs as potential components of person‐job fit. In contexts emphasizing safety, workers higher in prevention should experience greater person‐job fit, thus prevention focus should relate to desirable outcomes. Poultry‐processing workers (n = 180) completed a work‐related regulatory focus scale as part of a survey including a set of outcome measures. Consistent with theory, prevention focus scores related to self‐reported positive work outcomes (job effectiveness, satisfaction, efficacy, enjoyment, involvement), and relationships were statistically mediated by perceived regulatory fit. Results have implications for selection practices and suggest ways work can be structured to enhance job performance. 相似文献
118.
Goodman Robert J. Trapp Stephen K. Park Ernest S. Davis Jody L. 《Social Psychology of Education》2021,24(1):119-142
Social Psychology of Education - In a pair of studies, the present research examined mindfulness as a mediator through which perceived support for the basic psychological needs of autonomy and... 相似文献
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Ernest Sosa 《Synthese》2012,188(2):309-321
This article is a reply to Baron Reed and Heather Battaly, two critics in a book symposium on my Reflective Knowledge. The reply to Reed concerns the main content and structure of Descartes??s epistemology. The reply to Battaly concerns how best to deal with epistemic circularity. 相似文献