Kishore RR 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(1):175-183

Almost all ethical guidelines and legislative policies concerning biomedical research involving human subjects contain provisions about relevance of research for the participating populations, informed consent, adequate care for research induced injuries and several other safeguards but the poor continue to suffer. Globalization has further aggravated poor people’s vulnerability by exposing them to international markets. Since the developing countries are abode of higher population of the poor they have become the unholy mines of this human ore for researchers. In this paper I examine various dimensions of poverty and analyze the international ethical responses in the area of biomedical research involving human subjects in order to determine their adequacy to protect the poor against exploitation and misuse and conclude that in view of the poor’s inherent and extreme vulnerability and the failure of ethical pronouncements to protect them from misuse and exploitation, they should be excluded from being enrolled as research subjects This paper was presented at the 6th International Bioethics Conference on the subject of ‘The Responsible Conduct of Basic and Clinical Research’, held in Warsaw, Poland, 3–4 June 2005.  相似文献   

    

Elizabeth Maloney PhD  Louisa Degenhardt PhD  Shane Darke PhD  Elliot C. Nelson MD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2010,40(1):50-62

The prevalence and risk factors associated with self‐mutilation among opioid dependent cases and controls were determined, and the co‐occurrence of self‐mutilation and attempted suicide was examined. The prevalence of self‐mutilation among cases and controls did not differ significantly (25% vs. 23%, respectively), with gender differences identified among cases only. A number of risk factors were found to be associated with self‐mutilation, including borderline personality disorder, alcohol dependence, childhood sexual abuse, and multiple suicide attempts. Not only is self‐mutilation a clinically significant problem, but when combined with a history of attempted suicide, the psychological dysfunction observed is markedly high.  相似文献   

    

Jui‐Feng Tsai MD  MS 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2010,40(1):81-86

The relationship between the regional distribution densities of different media and the suicide death rate was explored by analyzing the annual total, male, and female suicide rates and media densities from 23 cities/counties in Taiwan during 1998–2006 by univariate and multivariate regression adjusted for five socioeconomic factors. The regional density of newspapers was significantly inversely related to the total, male, and female suicide rates, while that of television sets was not. The density of in‐home personal computers was significantly positively related to the total and male suicide rates, but not the female suicide rate. The results indicate that media reporting on suicide can be beneficial, instead of harmful, depending on the content.  相似文献   

    

Harold P. Blum MD 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2013,94(5):937-944

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Dr Aiden Corvin MRCPsych  Professor Michael Fitzgerald MD FRCPsych 《Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy》2013,27(2):143-151

SUMMARY

The scientific status of psychoanalysis is a matter of importance to both theorists and clinicians in psychiatry. The empirical evidence for both the theory and the practice of psychodynamic practice is much greater than is generally recognised. There is strong evidence for the effectiveness of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytically oriented therapy. the future of psychoanalysis depends on this evidence. We will discuss both the evidence and reasons why it is overlooked in certain quarters, and review the developing neuro-cognitive understanding of the mechanisms that underlie psychoanalytical processes.  相似文献   

    

Peter Fonagy PhD DipPsych  Anna Higgitt BSc MB BS MRCPsych MD 《Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy》2013,27(2):121-153

Conceptual and practical issues which surround attempts at assessing the efficiency of psychotherapy departments are surveyed and the advantages and disadvantages associated with performance indicators reviewed. The issues of assessing efficiency in general and the selection of appropriate indicators at both national and local levels are discussed. It is concluded that it is possible to find indicators which reflect the value of a psychotherapeutic service to the community within which it is based, and that the identification of a generally agreed set of such parameters is a matter of priority.  相似文献   

Psychotherapy and antidepressant medication: Scope,procedure and interaction: A survey of psychotherapists’ experience     

Johan Schubert MD  PhD 《欧洲心理治疗、咨询与健康杂志》2013,15(2):191-207

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Donald S. Shepard PhD  Deborah Gurewich PhD  Aung K. Lwin MBBS  MS  Gerald A. Reed PhD  MSW Jr  Morton M. Silverman MD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2016,46(3):352-362

The national cost of suicides and suicide attempts in the United States in 2013 was $58.4 billion based on reported numbers alone. Lost productivity (termed indirect costs) represents most (97.1%) of this cost. Adjustment for under‐reporting increased the total cost to $93.5 billion or $298 per capita, 2.1–2.8 times that of previous studies. Previous research suggests that improved continuity of care would likely reduce the number of subsequent suicidal attempts following a previous nonfatal attempt. We estimate a highly favorable benefit–cost ratio of 6 to 1 for investments in additional medical, counseling, and linkage services for such patients.  相似文献   

    

Jelena Karanović MSc  Maja Ivković PhD  Vladimir M. Jovanović PhD  Maja Pantović MD  Nataša Pavlović‐Janković MSc  Aleksandar Damjanović PhD  Goran Brajušković PhD  Stanka Romac PhD  Dušanka Savić‐Pavićević PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2016,46(6):664-668

Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) gene, coding for serotonin synthesizing enzyme, and recent stressful life events (SLEs) have been commonly associated with suicidal behavior. TPH1 has been also hypothesized to be involved in stress–response mechanisms. The aim of this study was to assess TPH1 variant rs1800532 and its possible interaction with recent SLEs as risk factors for suicide attempt (SA) in Serbian psychiatric patients, including 165 suicide attempters and 188 suicide nonattempters. rs1800532 and recent SLEs were independently associated with SA, while rs1800532 did not moderate the effect of recent SLEs on SA vulnerability among Serbian psychiatric patients.  相似文献   

    

Rohan Borschmann DClinPsy  Carolyn Coffey PhD  Paul Moran MD  Stephen Hearps PGDipPsych  Louisa Degenhardt PhD  Stuart A. Kinner PhD  George Patton MD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2014,44(6):641-652

The prevalence and correlates of self‐harm and suicidal behavior in 515 young offenders (mean age 17.3 years, SD = 1.7) serving community‐based orders (CBOs; n = 242) or custodial sentences (n = 273) in Victoria, Australia, are described. Results from structured interviews showed that 83 (16.1%) participants reported self‐harming in the previous 6 months, and this was more common among those serving custodial sentences than those serving CBOs (19.4% vs. 12.4%; OR 3.10, 95% CI: 1.74–5.55). Multiple incidents were more common in females and 24% (95% CI: 19–39) of participants who had self‐harmed reported having done so with suicidal intent. Self‐harm was associated with recent bullying victimization, expulsion from school, past year violent victimization, cannabis dependence, and risk‐taking behavior in the preceding year. The epidemiological profile of self‐harm in this population appears to be distinct from that seen in the general population. Young offenders who self‐harm are a vulnerable group with high rates of psychiatric morbidity, substance misuse problems, and social risk factors. They may benefit from targeted psychological interventions designed specifically to address impulsivity, delivered both within–and during the transition from–the youth justice system.  相似文献