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171.
172.
ABSTRACT— This article reexamines the prevailing conclusion that people are unaware of the different impressions they make, or that their differential meta-accuracy is poor. This conclusion emerged from research employing contextually undifferentiated designs that may have constrained differences in actual impressions, thereby limiting participants' ability to demonstrate differential meta-accuracy. We argue that an alternative, contextually differentiated approach may reveal evidence for differential meta-accuracy because (a) people tend to behave differently in different social contexts, (b) interaction partners from different social contexts witness differing behaviors and form differing impressions of a target person, and (c) contextual information used to infer the impression one makes on others is relatively differentiated across contexts, resulting in differentiated metaperceptions. We assessed differential meta-accuracy across social contexts (i.e., parents, hometown friends, and college friends) and found that, in contrast to researchers' prevailing conclusion, people can indeed detect the relative impressions they make on others. 相似文献
173.
Dr. Erika Trappl 《Psychopraxis》2009,12(2):14-17
Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit dem interdisziplin?ren Einsatz von Psychotherapie in der allgemeinmedizinischen Betreuung von
Patienten mit psychischen Problemen oder Krisen. Bekanntlich ist es nur einem kleinen Teil der Patienten von Allgemeinmedizinern
m?glich, psychotherapeutische Hilfe in Anspruch zu nehmen. Eine zus?tzliche psychotherapeutische Ausbildung des Hausarztes
kann die Qualit?t der Patientenbetreuung signifikant verbessern. Zudem k?nnen nicht nur die Patienten davon profitieren; psychotherapeutische
Ausbildung und Kommunikationstraining stellen eine wertvolle Bereicherung des Arztberufes und eine ernstzunehmende Burn-out-Prophylaxe
dar. 相似文献
174.
Dr. med. Christiane Hornstein Dipl.-Psych. Erika Hohm Dr. Dipl.-Psych. Patricia Trautmann-Villalba 《Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie》2009,3(1):3-10
Background
The effectiveness of preventive approaches in the field of child protection depends, amongst other things, upon identifying typical risk constellations of infanticide. Postpartum bonding disorder, a disorder affecting a mother’s emotional relationship with her child, is one of those risk constellations alongside other negative consequences to child development. It frequently accompanies postpartum depression, which is determined by other emotional qualities. The therapeutic response is a determinant factor for the success of preventive measures.Method
42 mothers with postpartum disorders (25 depressive, 17 schizophrenic) undergoing treatment at a mother-baby-unit were examined for bonding disorders and the therapeutic response, primarily regarding the mother-child relationship. Perception of bonding, maternal self-efficacy and objectively measured parameters of mother-child interaction were the most important parameters assessed. Results. Nearly 60% of the mothers suffered from a bonding disorder. Overall, the results indicated a clear improvement in psychiatric disorder as well as in the assessed parameters for the mother-child relationship and the experience of motherhood.Conclusions.
Maternal bonding disorders are strongly associated with postpartum depression and low maternal self-efficacy, which can lead to a risk constellation for infanticide. The data confirm the therapeutic response, thus demonstrating that early diagnosis and treatment of postpartum depression can represent a timely and effective preventive approach in the field of child protection. 相似文献175.
Gary J. Duhon Eric M. Mesmer Michelle E. Atkins Lezlee A. Greguson Erika S. Olinger 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2009,18(2):101-118
Response to intervention (RTI) has been discussed as a new model of assessment. Although the basic process by which RTI works
has received frequent attention in the literature, the available research leaves several important questions unanswered (Kavale
et al. in Learn Disabil Q 28(1): 2–16, 2005). One concept within RTI that has received little empirical consideration is intervention intensity. The purpose of this
study was to evaluate the impact of the application of increased intervention frequency on the mathematics performance of
students and to evaluate this increased frequency as a systematic means of increasing and quantifying intervention strength.
Results indicate that although all students were responsive to the intervention, some participants were sensitive only to
more frequent application of the treatment or at more intense levels of treatment. Through this methodology a means of quantifying
treatment intensity was also identified and implications for future research are discussed. 相似文献
176.
177.
Holly E. Brophy‐Herb Mildred Horodynski Sara B. Dupuis Erika London Bocknek Rachel Schiffman Esther Onaga Laurie A. Van Egeren Hiram E. Fitzgerald Mary Cunningham‐Deluca Shelley Hawver Madonna Adkins Sarah Thomas 《Infant mental health journal》2009,30(3):203-222
As part of a curriculum‐development project, focus groups were implemented with Early Head Start staff and with parents of infants and toddlers enrolled in Early Head Start. Focus groups were designed to identify staff and parent beliefs about early emotional development. Three major themes were identified that crossed the staff and parent focus groups: (a) Infants' and toddlers' abilities to have emotions and to be aware of others' emotions; (b) roles of parents as advocates, teachers, and disciplinarians; and (c) parental reflectivity about their own experiences as influences on their parenting. The findings suggest that parents participating in Early Head Start have some knowledge about basic emotions and the developmental nature of emotions, but may easily misinterpret emotional displays only as attempts at manipulation rather than as valid expressions of feelings; expectations for gender‐appropriate emotional expressiveness begin early; more empowered parents may view themselves as role models and teachers for their children; and more reflective parents are better prepared to engage in the sensitive interactions needed to guide young children's growing awareness of their own and others' emotions. Implications for parenting education and program planning utilizing an infant mental health perspective are discussed. 相似文献
178.
John F. Knutson Erika Lawrence Sarah M. Taber Lew Bank David S. DeGarmo 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2009,12(2):157-173
Child exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is widely acknowledged as a threat to the psycho-social and academic well-being
of children. Unfortunately, as reflected in the literature, the specific link between such exposure and childhood outcomes
is ambiguous. Based on a review of the literature, this article suggests that this state of affairs is due, in part, to the
manner with which exposure to IPV is operationally defined. After reviewing the dominant strategies for operationally defining exposure to IPV and the
problems associated with those strategies, this article reports original data contrasting three measures derived from maternal
reports, three measures derived from child reports, and the limited concordance among those different indices of exposure
to IPV. The implications of these findings for research on child outcomes and the clinical assessment of children who might
have been exposed to IPV are discussed. 相似文献
179.
180.
Michael K. Schmit Marianna L. Oller Jose L. Tapia-Fuselier Erika L. Schmit 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2020,98(1):3-16
Among a sample of 196 participants, small differences in holistic client functioning, as measured by standardized Adult Needs and Strengths Assessment (Lyons & Walton, 1999) and symptom severity scores, emerged across 3 diagnostic categories of serious mental illness (SMI; i.e., depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia). However, sizable variations in symptom severity were evident across diagnoses of SMI, despite study participants receiving a similar configuration and intensity of recovery-oriented usual-care services. These results may evidence previous concerns surrounding the transdiagnosis of SMI, overlapping criteria and symptomatology among disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and mental health treatment and service practices in the United States. Implications for counselor practice are discussed. 相似文献