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121.
Rosalind D. Butterfield Greg J. Siegle Kyung Hwa Lee Cecile D. Ladouceur Erika E. Forbes Ronald E. Dahl Neal D. Ryan Lisa Sheeber Jennifer S. Silk 《Developmental science》2019,22(6)
The ways parents socialize their adolescents to cope with anxiety (i.e., coping socialization) may be instrumental in the development of threat processing and coping responses. Coping socialization may be important for anxious adolescents, as they show altered neural threat processing and over reliance on disengaged coping (e.g., avoidance and distraction), which can maintain anxiety. We investigated whether coping socialization was associated with anxious and healthy adolescents’ neural response to threat, and whether neural activation was associated with disengaged coping. Healthy and clinically anxious early adolescents (N = 120; M = 11.46 years; 71 girls) and a parent engaged in interactions designed to elicit adolescents’ anxiety and parents’ response to adolescents’ anxiety. Parents’ use of reframing and problem solving statements was coded to measure coping socialization. In a subsequent visit, we assessed adolescents’ neural response to threat words during a neuroimaging task. Adolescents’ disengaged coping was measured using ecological momentary assessment. Greater coping socialization was associated with lower anterior insula and perigenual cingulate activation in healthy adolescents and higher activation in anxious adolescents. Coping socialization was indirectly associated with less disengaged coping for anxious adolescents through neural activation. Findings suggest that associations between coping socialization and early adolescents’ neural response to threat differ depending on clinical status and have implications for anxious adolescents’ coping. 相似文献
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Stress spillover in marriage was examined within a stress-buffering conceptual framework in a multiwave, longitudinal sample of newlywed husbands and wives (N = 101 couples). Spousal support, chronic role strain, and marital satisfaction were assessed 4 times over 3 years and analyzed via actor-partner interdependence model and growth curve analytic techniques. Greater escalation in husbands' role strain over the first 3 years of marriage was associated with steeper declines in their marital satisfaction regardless of the adequacy of spousal support provided by their wives. In contrast, greater escalation in husbands' and wives' role strain was associated with significantly less marital decline for wives, and these links were bolstered when husbands provided wives with more adequate support. The present study is one of the first to explicate the underlying processes through which role strain and spousal support facilitate and mitigate the developmental course of marital satisfaction. 相似文献
125.
Erika Lawrence Alexia D Rothman Rebecca J Cobb Michael T Rothman Thomas N Bradbury 《Journal of family psychology》2008,22(1):41-50
The purpose of the present study was to discriminate between the 2 dominant perspectives governing research on the nature of marital change over the transition to parenthood. Progress can be made in understanding this transition by recognizing the role of uncontrolled sources of variability in research designs, defining and using control groups, and timing of data collection around the child's arrival, and the authors conducted a study incorporating these methodological refinements. Growth curve analyses were conducted on marital satisfaction data collected twice before and twice after the birth of the 1st child and at corresponding points for voluntarily childless couples (N = 156 couples). Spouses who were more satisfied prior to pregnancy had children relatively early in marriage, and parents experienced greater declines in marital satisfaction compared to nonparents. Couples with planned pregnancies had higher prepregnancy satisfaction scores, and planning slowed husbands' (but not wives') postpartum declines. In sum, parenthood hastens marital decline--even among relatively satisfied couples who select themselves into this transition--but planning status and prepregnancy marital satisfaction generally protect marriages from these declines. 相似文献
126.
The question of interference (how new learning affects previously acquired knowledge and vice versa) is a central theoretical
issue in episodic memory research, but very few human neuroimaging studies have addressed this question. Here, we used event-related
potentials (ERPs) to test the predictions of the complementary learning systems (CLS) model regarding how list strength manipulations
(strengthening some, but not all, items on a study list) affect recognition memory. Our analysis focused on the FN400 old-new effect, a hypothesized ERP correlate of familiarity-based recognition, and the parietal old-new effect, a hypothesized ERP
correlate of recollection-based recognition. As is predicted by the CLS model, increasing list strength selectively reduced
the ERP correlate of recollection-based discrimination, leaving the ERP correlate of familiarity-based discrimination intact.
In a second experiment, we obtained converging evidence for the CLS model’s predictions, using a remember/know test: Increasing
list strength reduced recollection-based discrimination but did not reduce familiarity-based discrimination. 相似文献
127.
Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics - 相似文献
128.
In three experiments (N = 123; 148; 28), children observed a video in which two speakers offered alternative labels for unfamiliar objects. In Experiment 1, 3‐ to 5‐year‐olds endorsed the label given by a speaker who had previously labeled familiar objects accurately, rather than that given by a speaker with a history of inaccurate labeling, even when the inaccurate speaker erred only while blindfolded. In Experiments 2 and 3, 3‐ to 7‐year‐olds showed no preference for the label given by a previously inaccurate but blindfolded speaker, over that given by a second inaccurate speaker with no obvious excuse for erring. Children based their endorsements on speakers’ history of accuracy or inaccuracy irrespective of the speakers’ information access at the time, raising doubts that children made mentalistic interpretations of speakers’ inaccuracy. 相似文献
129.
Christelle Robert Erika Borella Delphine Fagot Thierry Lecerf Anik de Ribaupierre 《Memory & cognition》2009,37(3):336-345
The aim of this study was to examine to what extent inhibitory control and working memory capacity are related across the
life span. Intrusion errors committed by children and younger and older adults were investigated in two versions of the Reading
Span Test. In Experiment 1, a mixed Reading Span Test with items of various list lengths was administered. Older adults and
children recalled fewer correct words and produced more intrusions than did young adults. Also, age-related differences were
found in the type of intrusions committed. In Experiment 2, an adaptive Reading Span Test was administered, in which the list
length of items was adapted to each individual’s working memory capacity. Age groups differed neither on correct recall nor
on the rate of intrusions, but they differed on the type of intrusions. Altogether, these findings indicate that the availability
of attentional resources influences the efficiency of inhibition across the life span. 相似文献
130.
Children do not necessarily disbelieve a speaker with a history of inaccuracy; they take into account reasons for errors. Three- to five-year-olds (N = 97) aimed to identify a hidden target in collaboration with a puppet. The puppet’s history of inaccuracy arose either from false beliefs or occurred despite his being fully informed. On a subsequent test trial, children’s realistic expectation about the target was contradicted by the puppet who was fully informed. Children were more likely to revise their belief in line with the puppet’s assertion when his previous errors were due to false beliefs. Children who explained this puppet’s prior inaccuracy in terms of false belief were more likely to believe the puppet than those who did not. As children’s understanding of the mind advances, they increasingly balance the risk of learning falsehoods from unreliable speakers against that of rejecting truths from speakers who made excusable errors. 相似文献