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831.
832.
Antonio Rizzo Elisa Rubegni Erik Grönval Maurizio Caporali Andrea Alessandrini 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2009,22(1):51-59
Ubiquitous Computing, Pervasive Computing, Physical Computing, Everyware, Tangible User Interface, and the Internet of Things
all share the same viewpoint—a viewpoint that sees computers, phones, and game consoles as no longer being the only devices
in our environment deemed worthy to embody computation and be connected. Each of these approaches focuses on slightly different
aspects of the features and potentialities of the enabling technologies (i.e., Physical Computing focuses on the growing power
of microcontrollers; IOT on the increasing influence of tagging systems; Everyware on the pervasiveness of the web through
wired and wireless connections, etc.) We understand and place more emphasis on the similarities then the differences among
these approaches, and at the same time, we try to address specific human activity issues by exploiting these new enabling
technologies and visions. In the paper, we present a project, Wi-roni, that addresses two issues: in-person communication
and the added value of being in a given location when accessing a given content. To this end, we considered in some detail
the possibilities of three of these enabling technologies: ultrasound sensors, MEMS, and mash-up of Internet application.
These technologies were chosen based on the nature of the human activity, and not vice versa. In Wi-roni, an Urban Architecture
project located in the La Gora public park in Monteroni d'Arbia, a small village in the province of Siena (Italy), we developed
two interconnect solutions: Wi-wave, a column for accessing web audio content in public spaces, and Wi-swing, a children’s
swing that tells stories while swinging. These devices represent both the concrete grounds from which to begin to address
the abovementioned human activity issues and the playground in which to explore the new, emerging interaction modalities that
the enabling technologies could allow. 相似文献
833.
ABSTRACT— Alcohol consumption alters consciousness in ways that make drinking both alluring and hazardous. Recent advances in the study of consciousness using a mind-wandering paradigm permit a rigorous examination of the effects of alcohol on experiential consciousness and metaconsciousness. Fifty-four male social drinkers consumed alcohol (0.82 g/kg) or a placebo beverage and then performed a mind-wandering reading task. This task indexed both self-caught and probe-caught zone-outs to distinguish between mind wandering inside and outside of awareness. Compared with participants who drank the placebo, those who drank alcohol were significantly more likely to report that they were zoning out when probed. After this increase in mind wandering was accounted for, alcohol also lowered the probability of catching oneself zoning out. The results suggest that alcohol increases mind wandering while simultaneously reducing the likelihood of noticing one's mind wandering. Findings are discussed with regard to theories of alcohol and theories of consciousness. 相似文献
834.
835.
836.
Rossow I Ystgaard M Hawton K Madge N van Heeringen K de Wilde EJ DeLeo D Fekete S Morey C 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2007,37(6):605-615
How differences in drinking patterns may affect the impact of alcohol consumption on deliberate self-harm among adolescents is explored in this international comparative study. Schools in Australia, Belgium, England, Hungary, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Norway (N = 30,532) were surveyed. In all countries the risk of deliberate self-harm was significantly elevated among adolescents who reported some or numerous episodes of intoxication, controlling for confounding factors. The results support the assumption that intoxication is significantly related to the association between alcohol consumption and deliberate self-harm in adolescents. 相似文献
837.
Jan‐Erik Lönnqvist Sampo Paunonen Markku Verkasalo Sointu Leikas Annamari Tuulio‐Henriksson Jouko Lönnqvist 《欧洲人格杂志》2007,21(8):1017-1030
We evaluated Big Five personality factor differences between research volunteers and nonvolunteers. In the first study, 158 military officers were asked to participate in a mail survey. The personality scores of the officers were available from an archival data set. In our second study, adult siblings from large families were invited to participate in extensive clinical epidemiological evaluations. The personality scores of volunteers (N = 55) and nonvolunteers from the same families (N = 29) were estimated from sibling ratings made by those who participated in the study. In both studies, respondents, compared to nonrespondents, were found to be significantly lower in Neuroticism and higher in Conscientiousness. The second study further indicated respondents as being higher in Extraversion and Agreeableness. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
838.
Previous studies have built up evidence that an unstable self-esteem is associated with vulnerability to depression and that it outperforms level of self-esteem as a predictor for symptoms of depression. However, most of these studies have used student samples exclusively to investigate the role of self-esteem instability in depression vulnerability. Our present study used samples of currently depressed inpatients, formerly depressed individuals, and never-depressed controls to investigate the relationship between self-esteem instability and depression. In addition, we examined the predictive validity of self-esteem instability in predicting future depressive symptoms. The results indicate that self-esteem instability is associated with depression and vulnerability to depression. Furthermore, self-esteem instability interacted with perceived stress variability and depressed mood variability in predicting future depressive symptomatology at six months follow-up. These results are in line with the diathesis-stress model and support the hypothesis that self-esteem instability might be more important than level of self-esteem in predicting vulnerability to depression. 相似文献
839.
The United States is a country in which religion and spirituality play a significant role in people’s lives. The relationship
between religion, spirituality and health has long been investigated. However, most of these studies have focused only on
patient populations and the elderly. The present study examines whether the same pattern of relations reported earlier is
seen in a sample of healthy, college students using measures of both spirituality and religion. Health beliefs and behaviors
were also examined. The results show that individuals with higher spirituality scores are more active and hold difference
health beliefs than those who scored in the low spirituality group. However, some contradictions from previous research were
reported in this sample. The study suggests religion may have some different pattern of relations in the overall health and
health behaviors of younger, healthier populations.
Dr. Sgoutas-Emch teaches at the University of San Diego. Erik Nagel received his BA from there. 相似文献
840.
Diary reports on emotional experiences in the onset of a psychosocial transition: becoming drug‐free
Marcella Ravenna Erik Hlzl Sandro Costarelli Erich Kirchler Augusto Palmonari 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2001,11(1):19-35
The process of becoming drug free is viewed as a psychosocial transition in the life of drug addicts. A specific form of treatment of heroin addiction within residential communities is based on the importance of interpersonal relationships for change. Well‐being of 65 drug addicts during the first 2 weeks in a residential community is explored using a time‐sampling diary which was completed four times a day. The influence of subjects' history, situational context, and motive activation on well‐being and emotions is investigated. Results show that well‐being and emotions differ mainly according to subjects' history, but not — at least at the beginning of treatment within the community — according to situations. This is interpreted as a ‘state of shock’ in the new environment and highlights the necessity for special individual care for subjects with a long drug career. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献