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Tracy J. Mayne Ann O'leary Barbara McCrady Richard Contrada Erich Labouvie 《Psychology & health》2013,28(2):277-288
Abstract We examined the impact of acute marital conflict on emotion, cardiovascular arousal, and immune function in men and women. Subjects were 10 heterosexual, distressed couples, who panicipated in exchange for marital therapy. Each couple participated in a 40 minute conflict induction regarding an area of difficulty in their relationship. During this induction, blood pressure and heart rate were monitored and blood samples were drawn pre- and post-induction for analysis of immune change. Women responded to the experimental induction with significantly greater increases in depression and hostility, and with significantly greater increases in SBP than men. Women also responded to the acute marital distress with slight decreases in lymphocyte proliferative response to PHA, while men displayed an increase in PHA response. The sex by time interaction was significant Change in PHA was associated with change in hostility and SBP. 相似文献
105.
Erich C. Fein Cristinel Vasiliu Aharon Tziner 《Journal of applied social psychology》2011,41(3):515-535
Relationships between individual values and preferred leadership behaviors were examined in a sample of 324 managers from organizations in Romania, a country in transition from a controlled economy to a free‐market system. We found the value dimensions of achievement, benevolence, and power to predict preferences for both transformational and transactional leadership behaviors. Specifically, achievement and benevolence displayed positive relationships with both types of leadership. In contrast, power yielded a positive relationship with the preference for transactional behaviors, but an inverse relationship with the preference for transformational leadership. The implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
106.
Mejlgaard Niels Christensen Malene Vinther Strand Roger Buljan Ivan Carrió Mar Cayetano i Giralt Marta Griessler Erich Lang Alexander Marušić Ana Revuelta Gema Rodríguez Gemma Saladié Núria Wuketich Milena 《Science and engineering ethics》2019,25(2):597-615
Science and Engineering Ethics - Across the European research area and beyond, efforts are being mobilized to align research and innovation processes and products with societal values and needs,... 相似文献
107.
Erich Lindemann 《Psychological research》1922,2(1):5-60
Ohne Zusammenfassung
Mit 39 Textabbildungen und 2 Kurven. 相似文献
108.
Loewy EH 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2005,26(6):445-468
This paper argues that we have wrongly and not for the patient’s benefit made a form of stark autonomy our highest value which
allows physicians to slip out from under their basic duty which has always been to pursue a particular patient’s good. In
general – I shall argue – it is the patient’s right to select his or her own goals and the physician’s duty to inform the
patient of the feasibility of that goal and of the means needed to attain it. If the goal is not one that is possible, the
patient, with the physician and family, must select a feasible goal and then discuss the costs/benefits of various approaches.
The physician should take a leading role in helping the patient select the goal. I argue that to simply present a laundry
list of means and insist that patients choose for themselves is not only abandoning patients to their autonomy but is, in
fact, a crass form of violating the patient’s autonomy. Freely choosing not to choose is a choice a patient with decisional
capacity is entitled to make and one that needs to be respected. 相似文献
109.
Johnson MK Raye CL Mitchell KJ Greene EJ Cunningham WA Sanislow CA 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2005,5(3):339-361
Using fMRI, we investigated the functional organization of prefrontal cortex (PFC) as participants briefly thought of a single
just-experienced item (i.e., refreshed an active representation). The results of six studies, and a meta-analysis including previous studies, identified regions
in left dorsolateral, anterior, and ventrolateral PFC associated in varying degrees with refreshing different types of information
(visual and auditory words, drawings, patterns, people, places, or locations). In addition, activity increased in anterior
cingulate with selection demands and in orbitofrontal cortex when a nonselected item was emotionally salient, consistent with
a role for these areas in cognitive control (e.g., overcoming “mental rubbernecking”). We also found evidence that presenting
emotional information disrupted an anterior component of the refresh circuit. We suggest that refreshing accounts for some
neural activity observed in more complex tasks, such as working memory, long-term memory, and problem solving, and that its
disruption (e.g., from aging or emotion) could have a broad impact. 相似文献
110.
The present study investigates bottom-up effects serving the optimal balance between focusing attention on relevant information and distractibility by potentially significant events outside the focus of attention. We tested whether distraction, indicated by behavioral and event-related brain potential (ERP) measures, varies with the strength of task-irrelevant deviances. Twenty subjects performed a tone-duration discrimination task (200 or 400 ms sinusoidal tones presented equiprobably). The stimuli were presented with frequent standard (p = 0.84; 1000 Hz) or infrequent deviant (p = 0.16) pitch. These task-irrelevant pitch changes consisted in a frequency increase/decrease of 1%, 3%, 5%, or 10%. Each of them resulted in prolonged reaction times (RT) in the duration discrimination task and elicited the MMN, P3a, and RON components of the ERP. Importantly, these measures did increase as a function of pitch deviance. Separating the individual trials on the 1% deviation level into trials with and without RT prolongation, i.e., behavioral distraction effect, revealed that both subgroups had similar MMN, but P3a and RON were confined to the trials with RT prolongation. Results are interpreted within a model relating preattentive deviance detection, distraction, and working memory. 相似文献