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281.
Russell Wahl 《逻辑史和逻辑哲学》2016,37(3):294-297
282.
The combined effects of noncontingent reinforcement and punishment on the reduction of rumination 下载免费PDF全文
Nicole M. DeRosa Henry S. Roane Jamie R. Bishop Erica L. Silkowski 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2016,49(3):680-685
The current study extends the literature on the assessment and treatment of rumination through the evaluation of a combined reinforcement‐ and punishment‐based intervention. The study included a single participant with a history of rumination maintained by automatic reinforcement, as identified via a functional analysis. Both noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) with preferred edible items and punishment, in the form of a facial screen, were implemented separately to evaluate their independent effects on the occurrence of rumination. The final treatment package included both NCR and punishment procedures. Implementation of the combined treatment resulted in a 96.5% reduction in rumination relative to baseline. Procedural modifications and integrity errors also were evaluated. 相似文献
283.
Erica L. Neely 《Science and engineering ethics》2016,22(5):1285-1297
Additive manufacturing has spread widely over the past decade, especially with the availability of home 3D printers. In the future, many items may be manufactured at home, which raises two ethical issues. First, there are questions of safety. Our current safety regulations depend on centralized manufacturing assumptions; they will be difficult to enforce on this new model of manufacturing. Using current US law as an example, I argue that consumers are not capable of fully assessing all relevant risks and thus continue to require protection; any regulation will likely apply to plans, however, not physical objects. Second, there are intellectual property issues. In combination with a 3D scanner, it is now possible to scan items and print copies; many items are not protected from this by current intellectual property laws. I argue that these laws are ethically sufficient. Patent exists to protect what is innovative; the rest is properly not protected. Intellectual property rests on the notion of creativity, but what counts as creative changes with the rise of new technologies. 相似文献
284.
Janet C’de Baca Erica Nason Diane T. Castillo Jenna Keller Clifford Qualls 《Journal of Loss and Trauma》2016,21(5):350-359
There is much literature on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and male combat veterans, but little on PTSD by gender and ethnicity among women combat veterans. We examine ethnic differences in PTSD and comorbid disorders among 37 Hispanic, 27 White, and 15 Native female Operaton Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) combat veterans. Participants completed the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Axis I (SCID-Axis I and II), Life Events Checklist (LEC), Military Stress Exposure Questionnaire (MSEQ), and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36). Hispanics differed from Whites in having less education, more trauma exposure, higher levels of PTSD, mood disorder comorbidity, and poorer physical and emotional functioning. Natives differed from Whites with more trauma exposure, higher levels of PTSD, poorer emotional functioning, and higher rates of Cluster B PDs. 相似文献
285.
Infidelity occurs in approximately 25% of marriages and is associated with various negative consequences for individuals (e.g., depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress), the couple relationship (e.g., financial loss, increased conflict, and aggression), and the couple's children (e.g., internalizing and externalizing behaviors). Infidelity is also one of the most frequently cited reasons for divorce. The increased stress brought on by the pandemic may be putting couples at an increased risk for experiencing infidelity, and data collected during the pandemic have shown that people across the United States are engaging in behaviors that are associated with a high likelihood of experiencing infidelity. The negative consequences of infidelity are also likely to be exacerbated for couples during the pandemic due to the intersection with the social, emotional, and financial consequences of COVID-19. Furthermore, couples are likely to experience disruptions and delays to the affair recovery process during the pandemic, which can negatively impact their ability to heal. Therefore, recommendations for navigating affair recovery during the pandemic, including adaptations for therapy, are also discussed. 相似文献
286.
A systemic approach to researching families and health should capture the complex network within which family members are embedded, including multiple family relationships and larger systems of health care. However, much of the families and health research focused on adult family members has focused solely on intimate partnerships, usually the marital relationship. This neglects the remainder of the powerfully influencing family relationships adults retain, and may increasingly focus on as they age. We conducted a systematic review of the families and adult health literature, retaining 72 articles which were subsequently thematically coded to highlight main foci of this area of research. Results highlight six themes, which include family relationship quality, family composition, behavioral factors in health and health care, psychophysiological mediators, caregiving, and aging health. Findings support an underrepresentation of family members, other than the intimate partner, in research on adult health. 相似文献
287.
288.
Stefan M. Schulz Erica Ayala Bernhard Dahme Thomas Ritz 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(4):1121-1126
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a common estimator of vagal outflow to the heart, dependent on parasympathetic activity.
During variable breathing, both respiration rate and tidal volume contribute substantially to within-individual RSA variance.
A respiratory control method allows for within-individual correction of the time-domain index of RSA. rsaToolbox is a set
of MATLAB programs for scoring respiration-corrected RSA using measurements of cardiac interbeat intervals, respiratory-cycle
times, and tidal volumes, recorded at different paced-breathing frequencies. The within-individual regression of RSA divided
by tidal volume upon total respiratory cycle time is then used to estimate the baseline vagal tone for each breath of a given
total respiratory-cycle time. During a subsequent analysis, the difference between the observed RSA (divided by the tidal
volume at each breath) and the RSA divided by the tidal volume that was predicted by the baseline equation serves as an estimate
of changes in vagal tone. rsaToolbox includes a graphical user interface for intuitive handling. Modular implementation of
the algorithm also allows for flexible integration within other analytic strategies or for batch processing. 相似文献
289.
Robin S. Codding Tanya L. Eckert Erica Fanning Maria Shiyko Esther Solomon 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2007,16(2):125-141
The purpose of this study was to compare the isolated effects of cover-copy-compare (CCC) with the combined effects of CCC
and two types of performance feedback (i.e., digits correct and incorrect per minute) on sixth grade students’ mathematics
fluency and accuracy. An alternating treatments design was employed to compare treatments across 16 weeks. Participants included
three general education sixth grade students whose teachers recommended them for additional help with mathematics calculation.
No differentiation between treatments was demonstrated for any of the participants and individual differences pertaining to
the number of sessions needed to reach and consistently perform at mastery levels were found. Follow-up data at 4 and 12 days
following termination of the intervention phase indicated that all participants continued to perform at mastery levels. Generalization
to a slightly more difficult mathematics skill yielded pre-intervention to post-intervention increases, albeit small. Students
rated all three treatment conditions favorably. 相似文献
290.
The paper aims at providing the multi-modal propositional logicLTK with a sound and complete axiomatisation. This logic combinestemporal and epistemic operators and focuses on m odeling thebehaviour of a set of agents operating in a system on the backgroundof a temporal framework. Time is represented as linear and discrete,whereas knowledge is modeled as an S5-like modality. A furthermodal operator intended to represent environment knowledge isadded to the system in order to achieve the expressive powersufficient to describe the piece of information available tothe agents at each moment in the flow of time. 相似文献