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201.
202.
Fernández Rodríguez C Padierna Sánchez C Villoria Fernández E Amigo Vázquez I Fernández Martínez R Peláez Fernández I 《Psicothema》2011,23(3):374-381
The evolution of symptoms, emotional state and daily routines in patients with breast cancer and lung cancer during treatment with intravenous chemotherapy (CT) is described and the influence of anxiety and depression on these variables is analyzed. 66 patients, 29 with breast cancer and 37 with lung cancer, were evaluated before starting treatment, and after completing the first, second and last cycle of CT using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), rating scales and interview. Less than 30% of the patients showed clinical anxiety or depression according to the HADS. Throughout the treatment, tiredness, fatigue and nausea increased significantly and work and leisure activity decreased. Concern about the future of relatives and insomnia increased significantly over time in patients with breast cancer whereas they decreased in patients with lung cancer. By introducing the HADS scores as covariates, it was found that most differences are due to the time factor and the type of cancer. During treatment with CT, emotional disturbances do not seem to have significant impact on the symptoms and changes in daily life reported by cancer patients. 相似文献
203.
Berman AL 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2011,41(1):110-116
Shneidman (1973) derived an estimate of six survivors for every suicide that, in the ensuing years, has become an assumed fact underlying public health messaging campaigns in support of suicide prevention and postvention programs worldwide, in spite of it lacking either empirical testing or validation. This report offers a first test designed to derive estimates of suicide survivors and raises an array of empirical questions needing further study to reasonably address the impact of suicide on others. 相似文献
204.
Francesca Fantini Aglaia Banis Erica Dell'Acqua Ilaria Durosini Filippo Aschieri 《Journal of personality assessment》2017,99(3):275-285
This study examined the effect of inducing a defensive attitude (fake good) in children on their responses to the Tell Me a Story test (TEMAS; Costantino, Malgady, &; Rogler, 1988). Different story elicitation procedures were employed to explore their efficacy for inducing a defensive response style in children. Eighty-four Italian children aged 8 to 10 years old completed the TEMAS and the L scale of the Behavioral Assessment Scale for Children–2 (BASC–2; Reynolds &; Kamphaus, 2004), which were used to detect the adoption of a defensive attitude. Children completed the tests under 1 of 3 conditions: (a) honest condition, (b) fake good with verbal instructions, and (c) fake good with verbal instructions and visual stimuli illustrating what was verbally explained. Using simultaneous verbal instructions and visual stimuli facilitated children's understanding of the researcher's instructions compared to using verbal stimuli alone. Results showed that children instructed to fake good used less time to tell stories and tended to modify the simpler and more face valid aspects of their stories. Still, 29 out of 47 children failed to fake good on the BASC–2 L scale. More complex TEMAS variables showed no significant difference between story elicitation conditions. 相似文献
205.
Erica A. Holberg 《The Southern journal of philosophy》2017,55(3):285-305
I argue that Kant's ethical framework cannot countenance a certain kind of failure to respect oneself that can occur within oppressive social contexts. Kant's assumption that any person, qua rational being, has guaranteed epistemic access to the moral law as the standard of good action and the capacity to act upon this standard makes autonomy an achievement within the individual agent's power, but this is contrary to a feminist understanding of autonomy as a relational achievement that can be thwarted by the systematic attack on autonomy that occurs within oppressive social conditions. Insofar as Kant's negative duty of self‐respect is unable to accommodate the ways immersion in oppressive social environments can warp an individual's understanding of what she is owed and capable of as a moral agent, it perpetuates the cruelty of unjust social systems in the guise of respecting individual autonomy. I conclude by considering Carol Hay's argument that those who are oppressed have an obligation to themselves to resist their own oppression, in order to explore how this limitation in how Kant conceives of the duty to respect the self may reach expression in contemporary ethical theory inspired by Kant. 相似文献
206.
Using Participatory System Dynamics Modeling to Examine the Local HIV Test and Treatment Care Continuum in Order to Reduce Community Viral Load
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Margaret R. Weeks Jianghong Li David Lounsbury Helena Danielle Green Maryann Abbott Marcie Berman Lucy Rohena Rosely Gonzalez Shawn Lang Heather Mosher 《American journal of community psychology》2017,60(3-4):584-598
Achieving community‐level goals to eliminate the HIV epidemic requires coordinated efforts through community consortia with a common purpose to examine and critique their own HIV testing and treatment (T&T) care system and build effective tools to guide their efforts to improve it. Participatory system dynamics (SD) modeling offers conceptual, methodological, and analytical tools to engage diverse stakeholders in systems conceptualization and visual mapping of dynamics that undermine community‐level health outcomes and identify those that can be leveraged for systems improvement. We recruited and engaged a 25‐member multi‐stakeholder Task Force, whose members provide or utilize HIV‐related services, to participate in SD modeling to examine and address problems of their local HIV T&T service system. Findings from the iterative model building sessions indicated Task Force members’ increasingly complex understanding of the local HIV care system and demonstrated their improved capacity to visualize and critique multiple models of the HIV T&T service system and identify areas of potential leverage. Findings also showed members’ enhanced communication and consensus in seeking deeper systems understanding and options for solutions. We discuss implications of using these visual SD models for subsequent simulation modeling of the T&T system and for other community applications to improve system effectiveness. 相似文献
207.
Erica R. Speakman 《Deviant behavior》2017,38(4):392-405
Donileen Loseke has argued that social problems claims-making typically involves the construction of “people-categories” and more specifically the casting of victims and villains. While the processes by which victims are constructed have received attention in the literature, this is less so for villains. This article extends Loseke’s work by using the case of HIV non-disclosers to explore precisely how people are typified as villains. I analyze discourse—or “talk”—surrounding the criminalization of HIV non-disclosure and non-disclosers with a view to identifying some of the strategies used to vilify non-disclosers. I refer to these strategies as the techniques of vilification. 相似文献
208.
Participants were trained and tested to move a mouse cursor from a start position to targets on a circular display in a perceptual-motor
reversal condition, with horizontal, but not vertical, reversals. During training, some participants (experimental) moved
to two targets either along a single diagonal axis (D1) or along both axes (D2). For D2, return movements from the targets
were in the same direction as instructed movements to unpracticed targets. Others (control) trained on all targets. Testing
always involved all targets. At test, movement times (to reach the target after leaving the start position) were shorter on
trained than on untrained targets, especially for the D1 condition, documenting training specificity. However, movement times
in the experimental conditions to new targets during testing were shorter than those in the control condition during training,
documenting transfer of learning, with more transfer for D2 than for D1. Initiation times (to leave the start position after
target onset) showed no transfer. The results provide evidence that specificity and transfer are not mutually exclusive and
depend on the measure used to assess performance. 相似文献
209.
脑成像在心理学研究领域的价值 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Marc G. Berman 《心理学报》2010,42(1):111-119
现在普遍使用的脑成像技术给心理学研究增加了新的数据和资料。和任何新的方法一样,我们需要决定如何以适当的方式应用这项技术。这项技术如何以现有的方法所不能的方式帮助回答理论问题?这项技术最好是作为因变量还是作为预测变量来使用?它如何与其它感兴趣的心理变量相关?这种新的成像技术有助于我们了解大脑的运作及其与心理学的关系。研究人员需要弄清楚如何利用这项技术提供的信息加深对心理现象的理解。 相似文献
210.
Michael G. Wheaton Noah C. Berman Joseph C. Franklin Jonathan S. Abramowitz 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(4):565-574
Although currently classified as a somatoform disorder, cognitive-behavioral models conceptualize hypochondriasis (HC) as
a severe form of health anxiety. The Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI) is a measure derived from this conceptualization
that measures health anxiety symptoms across the range of severity. Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding
this measure’s factor structure, but these studies employed factor analytic tools that did not account for the categorical
nature of SHAI items. The present psychometric study was designed to address these inconsistencies using categorical factor
analysis. Using data from a large student sample we found that the SHAI had two factors: Illness Likelihood and Illness Severity. We also examined the relationship between these domains and cognitive variables associated with other anxiety disorders.
Results suggested that the psychological processes present in obsessive-compulsive disorder and panic disorder are also associated
with health anxiety. Implications for the conceptualization and classification of severe health anxiety are discussed. 相似文献