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851.
In 2 experiments, the authors examined manual aiming asymmetries as well as the ability of participants to adjust their aiming trajectories following an unexpected change to the inertial resistance to movement. In Experiment 1, participants (N = 11) were able to rapidly adjust their movement trajectories to conform to the new movement requirements. They were faster and more consistent when aiming with their right hand than with their left hand, regardless of whether or not the movement was perturbed. In Experiment 2, participants' (N = 11) vision of the hand was manipulated so that the role of visual feedback in the corrective process could be examined. Vision had an impact not only on performance but also on the characteristics of the movement trajectories. Manual asymmetries in aiming were associated with a right hand superiority during the final corrective stages of the movement. 相似文献
852.
Catching a ball requires that information be available close to the catch but early enough for prospective or corrective control. In the present experiment, 6 participants were asked to throw and catch a ball continuously for 1 min while wearing liquid-crystal goggles that restricted viewing to specific amounts of time at specific intervals. Participants were free to select the information by varying the frequency and phasing of throwing relative to the goggles. Video analysis revealed that they elected a frequency of throwing that matched the goggle frequency and chose to view the ball at or around its zenith. Earlier portions of the ball's trajectory were viewed as the goggle frequency increased. Despite variations in the viewing location, participants elected to view the ball on average 365 ms before the catch. Analysis of the hand's trajectory further revealed that the time interval (M = 82 ms) between the ball's zenith and the initiation of the final motion of the hand toward the catch did not vary as a function of the frequency of throwing. The authors conclude that the timing constraints imposed by the hand's movement are the basis for the selection of information for catching. 相似文献
853.
854.
Eric Siroff 《Brain and language》1991,41(4):565-589
Patients with lesions in the right parietal lobe neglect the left side of nonwords much more than the left side of words. This has been interpreted in terms of a more automatic process in reading words. The case of a patient with left visual neglect after a vascular right parietooccipital lesion is presented. He showed the phenomenon of a word superiority effect over nonword in reading at the beginning in a clinical test with static cards; 6 months later, after some recovery, the same phenomenon could be demonstrated only with tachistoscopic presentation, and it occurred even inside the good right visual hemifield. The word form of visually presented stimuli was manipulated, showing that there was a striking effect particularly when spacing the letters of words in a task that requires naming the stimulus. The patient's performance is interpreted in terms of an attentional deficit occurring at an early level of spatial information processing. 相似文献
855.
STRESS, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND HEALTH IN MARRIED PROFESSIONAL WOMEN WITH SMALL CHILDREN 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Two hundred married professional women with small children were surveyed to investigate what types of occupational and role-conflict stresses are associated with physical and depressive symptoms, and whether social support could protect individuals from the negative health effects of stress. Six stress indices predicted physical and depressive symptoms, both Concurrently and 1 year later. These stresses reflected perceptions of lack of authority and influence on the job, sex discrimination, a heavy work load, work imposing on relaxation, family imposing on relaxation, and overall suffering from role conflict. Social support yielded no stress-buffering effects. 相似文献
856.
The results of two experiments are reported in which the change over time in the perceived depth location of a monocular, luminous test object with respect to two binocular luminous stimuli located at different distances was measured. It was found that: 1) The test object receded perceptually in depth over time achieving a stable location in space after 4 min of viewing. 2) The initial perceived location in depth of the test object depended upon which of the two binocular objects was fixated. When the farther binocular object was fixated the test object appeared further away than when the nearer one was fixated. 3) The size of the further binocular object also affected the initial perceived location of the test object. When it was larger, the test object appeared further away than when it was smaller. 4) There was an interaction between the binocular object fixated upon and the lateral separation between it and the test object: the smaller the separation, the greater the fixation effect.These results were accounted for in terms of the equidistance tendency, the depth adjacency principle, and a possible attentional factor. Taken together the results indicate that while reduced viewing conditions reduce the available stimulus information, they do not reduce the organizational options of the visual system. 相似文献
857.
Eric W Holman 《Learning and motivation》1975,6(3):358-366
To investigate whether consummatory and instrumental behavior depend upon different motivational factors, rats were trained to press a bar for saccharin solution, then given various treatments designed to reduce the palatability of saccharin, and finally tested for bar-pressing in extinction and for free intake of saccharin. Prefeeding with dextrose, prefeeding with saccharin, and association of saccharin with injections of lithium chloride all reduced intake of saccharin compared to control treatments, but only prefeeding with dextrose also reduced barpressing in extinction. Thus, performance of an instrumental response may depend upon need for food rather than appetite for it. 相似文献
858.
859.
860.
This case report concerns a boy 5.06 years of age, who began to stutter from about his fifth birthday. In the course of a six-month period, his disfluencies became more and more pronounced until a sudden and complete recovery took place following an epileptic attack. Some references are made to the literature on the relationship between stuttering and epilepsy. Some comparisons are made also with more-or-less-similar adult cases, as mentioned in the literature, but we have the strong feeling that these do not hold completely. 相似文献