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71.
When a high-intensity tone (inducer) is followed by a moderate-intensity tone (test tone), the loudness of the latter is reduced. This phenomenon, called induced loudness reduction (ILR), depends on the frequency separation of the two tones; as the difference in frequency increases, the amount of ILR decreases. However, the precise course of this decrease is not well known. This article presents two experiments that address this question. In the first experiment, the amount of loudness reduction produced by a 2.5-kHz 80-dB-SPL inducer was measured with the frequency of the test tone swept from 800 Hz to 6 kHz. In the second experiment, the amount of ILR was measured with the same inducer and with test tones set at 2, 2.5, 3, and 4 kHz. Both experiments show that some ILR occurs at frequency separations as wide as four critical bands. 相似文献
72.
This study examined whether ruminative style moderated the effects of expressive writing. Sixty-nine participants were assessed for ruminative style and depression symptoms at the beginning of their 1st college semester. Participants were then randomized to either an expressive writing or a control writing condition. Changes in depression symptoms were assessed 2, 4, and 6 months later. Results showed that a brooding ruminative style moderated the effects of expressive writing such that among those assigned to the expressive writing condition, individuals with greater brooding scores reported significantly fewer depression symptoms at all of the follow-up assessments relative to individuals with lower brooding scores. In contrast, reflective pondering ruminative style did not moderate the effects of expressive writing on depression symptoms. These findings suggest that expressive writing could be used as a means of reducing depression symptoms among those with a maladaptive ruminative tendency to brood. 相似文献
73.
Brosvic Gary M. Epstein Michael L. Dihoff Roberta E. Cook Michael J. 《The Psychological record》2006,56(2):205-218
The Psychological Record - Participants completed 5 laboratory examinations during which the number of responses permitted (1 response, up to 4 responses) and the timing of feedback (no feedback... 相似文献
74.
75.
Joel Epstein W. Dean Klinkenberg Donald J. Scandell Kelly Faulkner Ronald E. Claus 《Sex roles》2007,56(1-2):23-31
This study was designed to examine the influence a potential date’s physical attractiveness and sexual history has on an individual’s
intentions to engage in safer sex. Over 1,200 participants completed an Internet survey. The questionnaire presented a randomized
biography and photograph and asked participants to rate their interest in dating and having a sexual relationship with the
target. Participants were randomly assigned to one of six conditions based on the target’s physical attractiveness (low vs.
high) and sexual experience (low, medium, or high). Results indicated that men reported greater intentions to have sex than
women did, and all participants reported greater likelihood of having sex when the potential partner was highly attractive.
Participants rated men and more experienced targets as more risky sexual partners, and the level of a target’s sexual experience
was directly related to participants’ willingness to discuss sexual risks. Results indicate a continuing need to include discussion
of cognitive factors in all HIV prevention efforts. 相似文献
76.
Epstein S 《The American psychologist》2007,62(1):59-60; discussion 60-1
77.
Boccaccini MT Epstein M Poythress N Douglas KS Campbell J Gardner G Falkenbach D 《Assessment》2007,14(4):361-374
The authors examined the relation between self-report psychopathy measures and official records of offending in four samples of justice-involved youth (total N = 447). Psychopathy measures included the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD) and a modified version of the Childhood Psychopathy Scale (mCPS). Measures of offending included the total number of preadmission arrest charges for three samples (n = 392) and the total number of offenses in the year following release for two samples (n = 138). Neither measure was a strong correlate of preadmission offenses. Although mCPS scores were associated with postrelease offending in one sample, effects for the APSD were observed only when reoffending was conceptualized as a dichotomous variable, indicating a lack of robustness in this association. The findings suggest caution in the use of self-report measures of psychopathic features for decision making with respect to issues of delinquency risk among justice-involved youth. 相似文献
78.
Richard A. Epstein Neil Jordan Yong Joo Rhee Gary M. McClelland John S. Lyons 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(3):303-311
We studied 9,220 children referred to a comprehensive mental health crisis stabilization program to examine the impact of
caregiver capacity on crisis worker decisions to refer children for intensive community-based treatment as opposed to inpatient
psychiatric hospitalization. Due to the different role of caregivers in the child welfare system, analyses were stratified
by state custody status. Among both groups, there was a significant inverse association between child mental health need and
referral to intensive community-based treatment. For children not in state custody with low mental health need, there was
no difference in the likelihood of referral to intensive community-based treatment across levels of caregiver capacity. However,
for children not in state custody with medium and high mental health needs, those whose caregivers were deficient or severely
deficient were significantly more likely to be referred for intensive community-based treatment than were those who had capable
caregivers. Multivariate analyses demonstrated similar results after controlling for potential confounding variables and confirmed
that caregiver capacity contributes significantly to the logistic model’s classification accuracy. Results suggest further
investigation of the impact of caregiver capacity on mental health crisis worker referral decisions is needed. 相似文献
79.
80.
A study of 450 college students demonstrated (a) the importance of a distinction between self-produced and externally produced stressors, (b) the usefulness of a construct of productive load, and (c) stronger relations of the Constructive Thinking Inventory than of the Hardiness Questionnaire with productive load and with mental and physical symptoms. Because a major path through which coping ability influences symptoms is negative emotions, the widely recommended practice of partialing self-reported negative affect out of relations among coping, stress, and symptoms is often inappropriate. However, as total daily stressors (e.g., hassles) consist largely of self-produced stressors, it is highly confounded with coping ability, and it is therefore important to partial coping ability out of relations between total stressors and other variables. 相似文献