Wear behaviour of a gradient surface produced by a punching process in a Cu-30 Ni alloy

The grain size variation in a gradient surface produced by a punching and recovery process on a Cu-30Ni alloy has been observed by atomic force microscopy. The friction characteristics of the gradient surface in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were investigated using a micro-indenter probe, a pin-on-disc type tribometer, a strain sensor and an optical microscope. The results showed that the hardness and grain size can be well represented by the Hall–Petch relationship when the gain size is more than 30?nm. The wear rate, friction coefficient and adhesive force all increase depth below the surface. These variations are attributed to a gradual increasing grain size with depth. The morphologies of the worn track were also studied to understand further the corrosive wear behaviour of gradient surfaces.     

Attitudes towards credit and finances among college students in China and the United States

Although there is growing concern about the issue of credit card debt among college students in China, little research has examined attitudes to money and debt among that group. The present study compared financial self‐confidence, perceived financial wellbeing, attitudes to debt, and parent education about money and debt in 410 college students from the US and China. Although college students in China reported fewer credit cards and less debt, they also reported lower levels of financial self‐confidence and financial wellbeing. In both cultures, delay of gratification and parental education predicted both self‐confidence and financial wellbeing.     

Evaluating the Impact of Careless Responding on Aggregated-Scores: To Filter Unmotivated Examinees or Not?

When examinees' test-taking motivation is questionable, practitioners must determine whether careless responding is of practical concern and if so, decide on the best approach to filter such responses. As there has been insufficient research on these topics, the objectives of this study were to: a) evaluate the degree of underestimation in the true mean when careless responses are present, and b) compare the effectiveness of two filtering procedures in purifying biased aggregated-scores. Results demonstrated that: a) the true mean was underestimated by around 0.20 SDs if the total amount of careless responses exceeded 6.25%, 12.5%, and 12.5% for easy, moderately difficult, and difficult tests, respectively, and b) listwise deleting data from unmotivated examinees artificially inflated the true mean by as much as .42 SDs when ability was related to careless responding. Findings from this study have implications for when and how practitioners should handle careless responses for group-based low-stakes assessments.     

经济全球化的若干伦理思考

经济全球化已经成为当代社会的客观事实和发展趋势。经济全球化的实质是人类利益实现形式的转换与更新。经济全球化中,不同利益主体需要遵循一定的道德要求,即全球伦理,以实现稳定的经济秩序和自身的利益。但全球伦理的实现是一个漫长而艰苦的过程,需要克服一系列价值观和价值取向的障碍,乃至冲破政治上霸权主义的干扰。     

“隐遁”与“坐忘”:埃克哈特与庄子实现人生至高境界之途径比较

人生的终极意义是人类永恒的话题,中世纪德国神秘主义者埃克哈特与中国的庄子虽相隔1600多年,但他们却在实现人生至高境界的路径上有许多契合之处。文章重点讨论了他们实现人生终极目标"神人合一"和"天人合一"的路径,并分析了"隐遁"和"坐忘"等主要方式的异同。     

工作记忆容量研究新进展

工作记忆容量作为直接影响人类完成高级认知活动的重要因素而倍受心理学家的关注.长期以来关于工作记忆容量的研究主要集中于工作记忆的执行性控制成分与高级认知活动的关系上,忽略了对注意焦点的研究,而注意焦点则是为了进行当前的认知加工而把从记忆的激活部分提取出来的信息组块加以保持的一个容量有限系统.该文作者讨论了关于工作记忆中注意焦点容量的研究及认识,并指出了当前研究中存在的问题.     

由"宗经"至"宗骚"——刘师培与传统文论批评模式的现代转换

在传统文化向现代转型期,伴随着经学地位的衰落,传统文学批评模式也发生了新变。刘师培把西方的审美观念引入文学理论的研究,将传统“宗经”的批评模式转换为“宗骚”,这一变革深刻反映了转型期文论发展的趋势,呈现传统走向现代的轨迹。     

汉语中词长效应的初步实验研究

该文以回忆出一个词表的序列呈现顺序的正确率为指标考察汉语中的词长效应(Word-Length Effect)。实验材料为汉语中不同音节数目的词语。实验结果发现,在纯词表中,存在显著的词长效应。但是在混合词表中(包括长短词交替词表以及随机词表),词长效应会消失。研究结果支持词长效应的基于词表的解释,同时,项目的特异性也具有一定的作用。     

学习的倦怠之原因与对策研究

学习的倦怠是一种消极的萎靡不振的身心状态,是乏力、焦虑、厌倦、冷漠、消沉、郁闷、悲观等的综合反映。学习过分紧张,破坏生命节律,学习和升学上的压力过大,学习上的挫折与归因不当,缺乏自信心等都是学习倦怠的根源。恢复体力和脑力,科学安排学习生活;舒缓压力,放飞心灵;改进学习,创造成功体验;积极评价,找回自信等都是解决倦怠的有效措施。     

糖皮质激素对骨作用的量变与质变

糖皮质激素是人体内分泌的一类激素,正常人血液中的糖皮质激素应保持在一定的范围内,如果体内糖皮质激素的浓度长期高于此范围就会产生副作用,骨质疏松症就是其中之一。所以在使用糖皮质激素时应保持一定的度,使其变化在量变的范围内,预防糖皮质激素诱导的骨质疏松症的发生。