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211.
There is substantial evidence that sociocultural pressures and body image disturbances can lead to disordered eating, yet few studies have examined their impact on excessive exercise. The study adapted a sociocultural model for disordered eating to predict excessive exercise using data from boys and girls in early adolescence (N = 421). Perceived sociocultural pressures to lose weight and build muscle, body image disturbance and appearance investment were associated with a compulsive need to exercise. Adolescents’ investment in appearance and body image disturbance fully mediated the relationship between sociocultural pressures and a compulsive need for exercise. There was no support for the meditational model in predicting adolescents’ frequency or duration of exercise. Results support the sociocultural model as an explanatory model for excessive exercise, but suggest appearance investment and body image disturbance are important mediators of sociocultural pressures. 相似文献
212.
Emma Halliwell Helga Dittmar Jessica Howe 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2005,15(5):406-413
Previous research demonstrates that exposure to ultra‐thin media models leads to increased body image concerns amongst women (Groesz, Levine, & Murnen, 2002 ). There is emerging evidence that attractive, average‐size models do not have this negative effect and can be effective in advertising (e.g. Halliwell & Dittmar, 2004 ). The present study investigates these factors amongst women with a history of eating disorders. Participants either viewed advertisements featuring ultra‐thin, average‐size or control images. Immediately after exposure, they reported their body‐focused anxiety and rated the effectiveness of the advertisements. Whereas exposure to ultra‐thin models did not lead to increased body‐focused anxiety, exposure to average‐size models produced a relief effect, whereby women reported lower levels of body‐focused anxiety. Advertisements featuring ultra‐thin and average‐size models were equally effective. The results suggest that average‐size, attractive models could be used effectively in advertising, which may help to relieve body image concerns amongst these women. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
213.
This paper examines the consistency of risk preferences across three decision domains important in most people’s lives: work, health and personal finance. We consider the degree to which the five factor model of personality and a range of factors that influence risk-related decision-making (perceived risk, framing, emotions and cost–benefit analysis) impact upon cross-domain consistency. Data were gathered from a sample of participants for whom approaches to risk were likely to vary (academics, chess players, firefighters, mountaineers and City traders). The results showed that participants could be categorised into two groups: those who were consistent in their risk preferences in three decision domains, and those who were inconsistent or domain-specific. The consistent group was significantly lower on neuroticism and higher on agreeableness and conscientiousness with a less variable approach to weighing up the costs and benefits of taking risks than the inconsistent group. The majority of the consistent group was risk averse.When the domain-specific risk preferences of the inconsistent group were examined, data showed that different combinations of personality and decision-making factors predicted risk preferences within each domain. 相似文献
214.
215.
Craig D Murray Emma Patchick Stephen Pettifer Fabrice Caillette Toby Howard 《Cyberpsychology & behavior》2006,9(2):167-170
This paper describes a study protocol to investigate the use of immersive virtual reality as a treatment for amputees' phantom limb pain. This work builds upon prior research using mirror box therapy to induce vivid sensations of movement originating from the muscles and joints of amputees' phantom limbs. The present project transposes movements of amputees' anatomical limbs into movements of a virtual limb presented in the phenomenal space of their phantom limb. It is anticipated that the protocol described here will help reduce phantom limb pain. 相似文献
216.
217.
Telma Sousa Almeida Michael E. Lamb Emma J. Weisblatt 《Applied cognitive psychology》2019,33(5):814-827
Twenty‐seven 6‐ to 15‐year‐old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 32 typically developing (TD) children were questioned about their participation in a set of activities after a 2‐week delay and again after a 2‐month delay using a best practice interview protocol. Interviews were coded for completeness with respect to the gist of the event, the number of narrative details provided, and accuracy. Results indicated that children with ASD did not differ from TD peers on any dimensions of memory after both delays. Specifically, both groups of children provided equivalently complete accounts on both occasions. However, children in both groups provided significantly fewer narrative details about the event in the second interview, and the accuracy rates were lower. The findings indicate that, like TD children, children with ASD can provide meaningful and reliable testimony about an event they personally experienced, but several aspects of their memory reports deteriorate over time. 相似文献
218.
Emma Donaldson-Feilder Rachel Lewis Joanna Yarker 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2019,28(1):11-29
No systematic review had previously been conducted examining the benefits mindfulness or meditation interventions for leaders and managers. However, the literature suggested that such interventions would have a positive impact on leaders’ own well-being, their leadership capability, their “post-conventional” leadership capacity, and their direct reports. The purpose of this study was therefore to systematically review research on mindfulness or meditation interventions for managers and leaders. Our review identified 19 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicate some encouraging signs that mindfulness and meditation interventions may improve aspects of leaders’/managers’ well-being and resilience, and leadership capability, possibly including their “post-conventional” leadership, but research results are very variable in quality and strength, and there was no evidence on benefits for participants’ direct reports. The studies reviewed explored a diversity of interventions, but provided little insight into which mindfulness and meditation interventions for managers and leaders are most effective, in what context they are best applied, or for whom they are most suitable. While the sub-set of studies that measured mindfulness found that the interventions used did increase participants’ mindfulness, there was no exploration of whether improved mindfulness was the mechanism by which other positive outcomes were achieved. 相似文献
219.
Individuals with anorexia nervosa often describe experiencing an internal “voice” of their disorder, which previous research has associated with multiple dimensions of eating pathology. This pilot study examined whether eating disorder measures use invoice characteristics at the outset of outpatient therapy predicted changes in disordered eating over the course of treatment. Participants were 14 individuals meeting ICD-10 criteria for anorexia nervosa. Participants completed measures relating to the severity of disordered eating and voice-related characteristics (perceived voice power and metacognitive appraisals about its nature) at the start and end of therapy. Results indicated that the perceived power of the eating disorder was reduced over the course of outpatient therapy, although its other characteristics remained stable. Greater levels of voice power, omnipotence and benevolence at the outset of therapy were related to greater improvements in eating attitudes. No voice-related characteristics were associated with changes in weight. These findings suggest that voice-related appraisals do not obstruct the effectiveness of outpatient therapies for anorexia nervosa. Further studies are needed to ratify these preliminary findings. 相似文献
220.
David Rose Edouard Machery Stephen Stich Mario Alai Adriano Angelucci Renatas Berninas Emma E. Buchtel Amita Chatterjee Hyundeuk Cheon In‐Rae Cho Daniel Cohnitz Florian Cova Vilius Dranseika ngeles Eraa Lagos Laleh Ghadakpour Maurice Grinberg Ivar Hannikainen Takaaki Hashimoto Amir Horowitz Evgeniya Hristova Yasmina Jraissati Veselina Kadreva Kaori Karasawa Hackjin Kim Yeonjeong Kim Minwoo Lee Carlos Mauro Masaharu Mizumoto Sebastiano Moruzzi Christopher Y. Olivola Jorge Ornelas Barbara Osimani Carlos Romero Alejandro Rosas Lopez Massimo Sangoi Andrea Sereni Sarah Songhorian Paulo Sousa Noel Struchiner Vera Tripodi Naoki Usui Alejandro Vzquez del Mercado Giorgio Volpe Hrag Abraham Vosgerichian Xueyi Zhang Jing Zhu 《No?s (Detroit, Mich.)》2019,53(1):224-247