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171.
Michela Balconi Luciana Falbo Emma Brambilla 《Personality and individual differences》2009,47(8):858-863
The study explored the effect of the subjective evaluation and of BIS/BAS (Behavioral Inhibition and Activation System) differences on psychophysiological and brain oscillation measures, in response to pleasant/unpleasant and high/low arousing stimuli. Skin conductance response, heart rate, and electromyography, and alpha frequency band, were registered, during viewing IAPS figures. Both BIS and BAS measures were significant in modulating behavioral, autonomic and brain responses, with a clear dichotomy BAS-appetitive/positive BIS-withdrawal/negative sensitivity. Withdrawal (BIS) and appetitive (BAS) behavior showed opposite patterns of responses by the subjects within the frontal cortical site more than other sites. In addition, a specific frontal lateralization effect was found as a function of BIS (more right-side activation for negative cues) and BAS (more left-side activation for positive cues). Moreover, autonomic variables and frequency band were found to be effected by arousal rating per se, with an increased response to high arousal in comparison with low arousal and neutral stimuli. The effects of subjective evaluation and individual differences were discussed in the light of the coping activity of emotion comprehension. 相似文献
172.
Chumaeva N Hintsanen M Ravaja N Puttonen S Heponiemi T Pulkki-Råback L Juonala M Raitakari OT Viikari JS Keltikangas-Järvinen L 《Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,12(4):283-293
The present study examined the interaction between vital exhaustion and cardiac reactivity and recovery on preclinical atherosclerosis assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in young men and women. We measured heart rate (HR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and pre-ejection period (PEP) in response to mental arithmetic and speech tasks. Vital exhaustion and carotid IMT were also measured. Significant associations were observed for men aged 28-37 years, but not for men aged 22-25 years, nor for women in these age groups. It was shown that, among highly exhausted men in the older age group, lower HR reactivity was related to greater IMT. Our results also imply that, among non-exhausted men in this age group, slow HR and RSA recovery after acute stress predicted higher IMT. These results suggest that long-term stress as assessed by vital exhaustion is a risk only if it has resulted in ineffective cardiac stress reactivity. Autonomic imbalance resulting from chronic stress may be the common mechanism linking vital exhaustion and cardiac responsiveness to an increased risk of atherosclerosis. 相似文献
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174.
Storksen I Røysamb E Gjessing HK Moum T Tambs K 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2007,48(6):467-476
The study compares the likelihood of getting married and of getting divorced among the adult offspring of divorced parents versus the adult offspring of parents who remain married (total N = 37,230). It also compares levels of psychological distress in the two groups (total N= 22,898). Data derive from The Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) and population registries from Norway. Individuals with divorced parents tended to delay marriage or not marry at all. However, among those who married, there were more divorces among the offspring of divorced parents than among offspring of parents who were still married. Offspring of divorce tended to marry other offspring of divorce. These marriages were at especially high risk of dissolution. Parental divorce was particularly influential as a risk factor during the first years of marriage. Both parental divorce and the individuals’ own divorce were risk factors for psychological distress. 相似文献
175.
Effects of agency on movement interference during observation of a moving dot stimulus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stanley J Gowen E Miall RC 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2007,33(4):915-926
Human movement performance is subject to interference if the performer simultaneously observes an incongruent action. It has been proposed that this phenomenon is due to motor contagion during simultaneous movement performance-observation, with coactivation of shared action performance and action observation circuitry in the premotor cortex. The present experiments compared the interference effect during observation of a moving person with observation of moving dot stimuli: The dot display followed either a biologically plausible or implausible velocity profile. Interference effects due to dot observation were present for both biological and nonbiological velocity profiles when the participants were informed that they were observing prerecorded human movement and were absent when the dot motion was described as computer generated. These results suggest that the observer's belief regarding the origin of the dot motion (human-computer generated) modulates the processing of the dot movement stimuli on their later integration within the motor system, such that the belief regarding their biological origin is a more important determinant of interference effects than the stimulus kinematics. 相似文献
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The aim of this investigation was to gauge the comparative research performance of university departments of psychology in
Britain. The performance indicator was the number of publications per departmental staff member in the journals of the British
Psychological Society (BPS) during the seven-year period 1983–1989. The contents of these journals were thoroughly searched,
and articles written by members of university psychology departments in Britain were counted. The number of publications of
each psychology department was divided by the size of the department in the corresponding year and the resulting annual figures
were summed to determine the number of publications in BPS journals per departmental staff member over the seven-year period.
These research performance figures correlated significantly with an earlier measure of departmental research performance based
on publications in the seven European psychological journals with the highest citations per published article and with recent
performance indicators based on other criteria 相似文献
179.
180.
Anke Ehlers Tanja Michael Yi Ping Chen Emma Payne Sri Shan 《Memory (Hove, England)》2013,21(3):316-328
Clinical observations suggest that re-experiencing symptoms are triggered by stimuli that are perceptually similar to those present shortly before the trauma or its worst moments. Two experiments investigated the possible role of perceptual priming in this phenomenon. Volunteers (N = 28, N = 62) watched a series of “traumatic” and neutral picture stories, and completed blurred object identification (priming) and recognition memory tasks. Neutral objects that immediately preceded the “traumatic” stories were more strongly primed, but not better recognised, than objects from neutral stories. Enhanced priming predicted subsequent re-experiencing symptoms. The results support the role of perceptual priming in re-experiencing. 相似文献