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排序方式: 共有1370条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
981.
Virginia A. Murphy-Berman John J. Berman Emily Campbell 《Journal of applied social psychology》1998,28(24):2239-2253
A distributive justice framework is used to examine how individuals make judgments about what is fair when making different types of health-care allocation decisions. The effects of 4 patient characteristics are assessed: (a) prognosis, (b) degree of responsibility for illness, (c) employment status, and (d) race. Results reveal that when the patient was defined as being more versus less responsible for his illness, respondents gave him a significantly lower priority score for obtaining health-care services, and they felt that he should be more responsible for paying for or soliciting funds to cover the costs of his health needs. Respondents also reacted with more negative emotion to the responsible patient and described him in more negative trait terms. Although patient's race produced no main effects, race did interact with employment status on several key variables. When the patient was described as being unemployed, the White patient compared to the Black patient was given a higher health-care priority score, he was resented less, and respondents were more willing to contribute money to pay for his health-care costs; but when the patient was described as being employed, the direction of differences between the races on these variables was reversed. 相似文献
982.
Parents play a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), one of the most prevalent developmental disorders of young children We report the findings of a qualitative study of Cuban-American mothers of 7 to 10 year old children with ADHD. Results suggest that mothers lacked a cultural model for ADHD and held a cultural model of normal child development which hampered their development of a schema of ADHD. Development of ADHD schemas were motivated by perplexity at their children's behavior and by the high value mothers ascribed to academic achievement. Although the schemas developed by the mothers were labeled as ADHD, their behavioral characterizations of their children, their attributions for the condition and for its causes, and their management strategies were not always in agreement with those of the biomedical model for the condition. However, once mothers classified their children's behavior as atypical, they actively sought assistance from the professional sector. 相似文献
983.
Christopher Miles Michelle J. Morgan Alan B. Milne Emily D. M. Morris 《Current Psychology》1996,15(1):53-67
The effects of chronological age (5+, 7+, 10+, and adult), articulatory suppression and spatial ability were assessed on three
measures (recognition memory, partial recall, and free recall) of visual memory span for patterns, using a procedure devised
by Wilson, Scott & Power (1987). Although span increased into adulthood for all three tasks, concurrent articulatory suppression
acted to reduce span for the 10-year-old and adult subjects. The ability to generate accurate visuo-spatial representations
at retrieval is perfectly well developed by 7 years of age. Speed of response was lengthened for the youngest age group, but
was immune to the effects of concurrent articulatory suppression. Good spatial ability was associated with higher span estimates
on all tasks, regardless of age. Whilst the data support the existence of a system for representing visual patterns, which
increases in capacity with increasing chronological age, the system (or processes accessing it at retrieval) is not immune
to verbal recoding strategies. The independent association of spatial ability with span is taken to imply that nonverbal encoding
and/or maintenance strategies can act to boost visual span from at least 5 years of age. 相似文献
984.
Many theories of spoken word recognition assume that lexical items are stored in memory as abstract representations. However, recent research (e.g., Goldinger, 1996) has suggested that representations of spoken words in memory are veridical exemplars that encode specific information, such as characteristics of the talker’s voice. If representations are exemplar based, effects of stimulus variation such as that arising from changes in the identity of the talker may have an effect on identification of and memory for spoken words. This prediction was examined for an implicit and explicit task (lexical decision and recognition, respectively). Comparable amounts of repetition priming in lexical decision were found for repeated words, regardless of whether the repetitions were in the same or in different voices. However, reaction times in the recognition task were faster if the repetition was in the same voice. These results suggest a role for both abstract and specific representations in models of spoken word recognition. 相似文献
985.
Daniel S. Shaw Emily B. Winslow Elizabeth B. Owens Joan I. Vondra Jeffrey F. Cohn Richard Q. Bell 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1998,26(2):95-107
The present study examined pathways leading to early externalizing problems from age 1 to 31/2 in a design that took advantage of our knowledge of normative progression and normative socialization as well as findings from research on risk. A sample of 130 low-income participants was followed longitudinally from 12 to 42 months using observational measures of developmentally salient parenting and child disruptive behavior to predict early externalizing problems. Results are best accommodated by concepts such as transformation and transaction from developmental psychology. For boys, both child and parent variables predicted later externalizing. For girls and boys, the interaction between child noncompliance and maternal rejection was significant. 相似文献
986.
987.
Miedema Stephanie Spaid Hennink Monique Naved Ruchira Tabassum Talukder Aloka Dore Emily C. Yount Kathryn M. 《Sex roles》2021,85(7-8):373-390
Sex Roles - Economic coercion is a form of intimate partner violence (IPV) that is distinct from but often co-occurs with physical, psychological, and sexual IPV. Women’s experiences of... 相似文献
988.
Edwards Emily R. Liu Yingqi Ruiz Danny Brosowsky Nicholaus P. Wupperman Peggilee 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2021,39(3):428-455
Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy - Recent advancements in emotion theory propose that emotional schemas—individualized conceptualizations and beliefs about... 相似文献
989.
Emily Kate Rubio Meara X. H. McMahon Valerie M. Volkert 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2021,54(1):144-167
This article reviews behavioral treatments of pediatric feeding disorders using physical guidance procedures as an open‐mouth prompt (i.e., jaw prompt, finger prompt, Nuk prompt, side deposit) to increase food acceptance. We identified 9 articles containing 35 systematic evaluations. We coded participant and study characteristics and assessed the experimental rigor, quality, and outcomes of each evaluation. Of the high‐quality research present, the finger prompt variation and side deposit reliably increased acceptance. We found mixed results on the efficacy of the jaw prompt, although it was the most widely researched procedure. Further, authors reported interobserver agreement for 100% of the participants, procedural integrity for 60%, social validity for 80%, fading for 5%, and follow‐up for 55%. Based on the invasive nature of physical guidance, we provide recommendations for researchers and clinicians to increase the quality of their treatment evaluations. We discuss limitations, implications for practice, and future research. 相似文献
990.