系统性综述干细胞来源的生物材料采集的供者健康风险

通过检索国内外6个文献数据库以获取发表于2010年1月~2020年7月研究相关的文献,并对干细胞来源的生物材料采集的供者健康风险进行了系统性综述。50篇相关文献分析显示,在许多情况下,生物材料采集可使供者承受健康风险,包括麻醉、粒细胞集落刺激因子或促排卵药物使用、中心静脉导管放置、穿刺等带来的风险。此外,生物材料采集还可影响供者的心理健康。根据上述发现,建议干细胞来源的生物材料采集需要严格的伦理管控,以保障生物材料供者的健康权益。

     

不给予或撤除生命维持干预与安乐死、消极安乐死的概念辨析

不给予或撤除生命维持干预是临床实践中常见且棘手的伦理学问题。该问题的讨论应建立在清晰的概念之上,但不给予或撤除生命维持干预常与安乐死、消极安乐死和尊严死等概念混淆,引发误解。重新定义安乐死和消极安乐死具有理论和现实的紧迫性。基于汤姆•比彻姆和阿诺德•戴维森提出的安乐死定义,提出消极安乐死的定义。基于该定义,认为不给予或撤除生命维持干预与消极安乐死为交叉关系。鉴于安乐死概念的争议及其富含的感情色彩,强调讨论生命维持干预的使用时应区分事实与价值,并建议慎用或弃用安乐死与消极安乐死。

     

Erratum to: Automatic change detection in vision: Adaptation,memory mismatch,or both? II: Oddball and adaptation effects on event-related potentials

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics -     

Factor analysis of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised in developmentally disabled persons

The results of previous studies on the factorial structure of Wechsler Intelligence Scales are somewhat inconsistent across normal and pathological samples. To study specific clinical groups, such as developmentally disabled persons, it is useful to examine the factor structure in appropriate samples. A factor analysis was carried out using the principal component method and the Varimax orthogonal rotation on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-R) in a sample of 203 developmentally disabled persons, with a mean age of 25 years 4 months. Developmental disability ranged from mild to moderate. Partially contrasting with previous studies on normal samples, results found a two-factor solution. Wechsler's traditional Verbal and Performance scales seems to be more appropriate for this sample than the alternative three-factor solution.     

Anxiolytic-like activity of SB-205384 in the elevated plus-maze test in mice

Recent studies point to a major role for alpha2-containing GABA-A receptors in modulating anxiety. However, the possible implication of GABA-A receptors containing the alpha3 subunit on anxiety is less known. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of SB-205384 (0.5-4 mg/kg, i.p.), an alpha3 subunit positive modulator of GABA-A receptor, on anxiety tested in the elevated plus-maze in male mice, using classical and ethological parameters. Mice treated with SB-205384 showed an increase in the frequency of entries and the time spent in open arms, as well as a reduction in the time spent in closed arms, as compared with the control group. A notable increase of "head-dipping" unprotected and a reduction of "stretched-attend posture" protected was also evident. These findings indicate that SB-205384 exhibits an anxiolytic-like profile in the elevated plus-maze test, suggesting that GABA-A receptors which contain the alpha3 subunit might be involved in regulation of anxiety.