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71.
Interactive effects of work group and organizational identification on job satisfaction and extra-role behavior 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Rolf van Dick Daan van Knippenberg Rudolf Kerschreiter Guido Hertel Jan Wieseke 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2008,72(3):388-399
Past research has focused on the differential relationships of organizational and work group identification with attitudes and behavior. However, no systematic effort has been undertaken yet to explore interactive effects between these foci of identification. We predicted that in cases of positive overlap of identifications (i.e. high work group and organizational identification) identifications are more strongly associated with employee job satisfaction and extra-role behavior than when only one of the identifications is high—that is, the one identification augments the influence of the other. These hypotheses were tested and supported with data from two samples of bank employees (N = 358) and travel agency employees (N = 308). 相似文献
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73.
Anecdotal evidence points to the use of beauty as an indication of truth in mathematical problem solving. In the two experiments
of the present study, we examined the use of heuristics and tested the assumption that participants use symmetry as a cue
for correctness in an arithmetic verification task. We manipulated the symmetry of sets of dot pattern addition equations.
Speeded decisions about the correctness of these equations led to higher endorsements for both correct and incorrect equations
when the addend and sum dot patterns were symmetrical. Therefore, this effect is not due to the fact that symmetry facilitates
calculation or estimation. We found systematic evidence for the use of heuristics in solving mathematical tasks, and we discuss
how these findings relate to a processing-fluency account of intuition in mathematical judgment. 相似文献
74.
A validation study of a computerised test recently developed involving the Stroop effect, extended here by inclusion of a third, more difficult test series, is presented. Three groups of men belonging to the Swedish armed forces and adjudged to differ in their qualifications (20, 32, and 19 men of levels 1, 2, and 3, respectively) and a fourth group of 18 men convicted of serious crimes of violence were given this test, termed the Stress Strategy Test. Discriminant analysis of the test's 12 variables (four for each of the three test series) yielded a discriminant power of 65% for the total group, highest for the level 1 group (80%) and for the nonmilitary group (72%), results substantially better than obtained for the original version of the test with use of similar subject groups. 相似文献
75.
The aim in this study was to identify predictors of perceived social support before and after cataract surgery. We hypothesized that physical (comorbidity and visual acuity) and mental (depressive symptoms) health indicators would be directly and indirectly (through actually received support) associated with perceived support. One hundred and thirty-six cataract patients (69% women; mean age = 71.6 years) completed questionnaires before and after cataract surgery. Results showed that received support partially mediated the association between depressive symptoms and perceived support. However, mental and physical health variables were also directly associated with perceived support. We conclude that health status might feedback to perceptions of available support. 相似文献
76.
Alena Erke Fridulv Sagberg Rolf Hagman 《Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour》2007,10(6):447-457
Effects of route guidance Variable Message Signs (VMS) on speed and route choice were investigated in a field study on two sites on motorways. Two VMS were used in the study, which displayed information about a closed road section downstream on the motorways and recommendations for alternative routes. Route choice, speed and braking behaviour were compared between vehicles approaching the VMS while they displayed messages and while they were left blank without message. There was high compliance with the messages on the VMS. About every fifth vehicle changed route choice according to the recommendation, and almost none drove as far as the closed road section. Speed measurements of 3342 vehicles showed large speed reductions, and video observations showed that large proportions of vehicles braked while approaching the VMS. The speed reductions and braking manoeuvres can partly be attributed to attention overload or distraction due to the information on the VMS. However, a proportion of the speed reductions was due to chain reactions where one vehicle braked and forced the following vehicles to brake or change lanes in order to avoid collisions. Safety problems may result directly from distraction, or indirectly from the reactions of the drivers to the distraction. 相似文献
77.
Within the context of the psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm, we developed a general theoretical framework for deciding when it is more efficient to process two tasks in serial and when it is more efficient to process them in parallel. This analysis suggests that a serial mode is more efficient than a parallel mode under a wide variety of conditions and thereby suggests that ubiquitous evidence of serial processing in PRP tasks could result from performance optimization rather than from a structural bottleneck. The analysis further suggests that the experimenter-selected distribution of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) influences the relative efficiency of the serial and parallel modes, with a preponderance of short SOAs favoring a parallel mode. Experiments varying the distribution of SOAs were conducted, and the results suggest that there is a shift from a more serial mode to a more parallel mode as the likelihood of short SOAs increases. 相似文献
78.
Perceptual learning was used to study potential transfer effects in a duration discrimination task. Subjects were trained
to discriminate between two empty temporal intervals marked with auditory beeps, using a twoalternative forced choice paradigm.
The major goal was to examine whether perceptual learning would generalize to empty intervals that have the same duration
but are marked by visual flashes. The experiment also included longer intervals marked with auditory beeps and filled auditory
intervals of the same duration as the trained interval, in order to examine whether perceptual learning would generalize to
these conditions within the same sensory modality. In contrast to previous findings showing a transfer from the haptic to
the auditory modality, the present results do not indicate a transfer from the auditory to the visual modality; but they do
show transfers within the auditory modality. 相似文献
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